ここに収録したのは、TIME、NEWSWEEKのやさしい記事に頻繁に登場する単語です。マクミラン英英辞典から語義と用例を引用し、TIMEとNEWSWEEKに登場した例文の訳は極力和英混交訳にしています。出た回数を示す*印をつけておりますので、頻度の目安になります。毎週十例前後増やしていく予定です。レベル的にはおおむね実用英検準１級以上の単語です。収録はまだ千語未満であるにもかかわらず、最近の実用英検１級一次語彙問題の二割前後がこの単語集から毎回出題されています。
* abduct* ：to take someone away from their home, family, etc. using force: KIDNAP:
◇North Korea has to permanently cease nuclear development and must make every possible effort to solve the cases of abduction.(TIME,SEP2,2003)
(North Koreaは永久にnuclear developmentを停止し、cases of abductions【拉致事件】を解決するためのevery possible effortをしなければならない）
** abet ：to help or encourage someone to do something immoral or illegal
◇His colleagues, meanwhile, abetted a scheme to hide SARDS patients in Beijing from WHO inspectors. (TIME,JUNE16,2003)
（彼の同僚たちは一方、北京のSARDS patientsをWHO inspectorsから隠蔽する計画を教唆した）
◇ Villages that are neutral of friendly benifit from aid. Those that haven't given up weapons or that *abet the *insurgents receive none. (TIME, Mar29,2004)
*abhor : to hate a kind of behaviour or way of thinking, especially because you think it is morally wrong(L)
*abstain* : to deliberately avoid doing something that is enjoyable but may not be healthy, safe, or morally right
*abstain : to deliberately not vote in an election or at a meeting
◇Tensions have worsened as a result of South Korea's opposition to the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 passed by the U.S. Congress. The law *earmarks the spending of $24 million a year to improve human rights in the repressive country. But many South Koreans, including lawmakers in the Uri Party, which supports Roh, see the legislation as an attempt to destabilize North Korea?which happens to be exactly the way Pyongyang reads the law. Seoul's decision in April to *abstain from a vote on the North's human-rights record at the U.N. Commission on Human Rights in Geneva didn't help, either. (TIME,MAY23,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050523-1061555,00.html
* abstinence : the practice of avoiding something such as alcohol or sex:
◇ He is doubling the federal money currently spent to *admonish teens to practice sexual *abstinence.(TIME,Feb2,2004,p64)
* abundant* : existing or available in large quantities
◇The *rebels, like most of the 6.5 million people in the province, want greater political *autonomy and more control over the region's *abundant mineral resources.(NEWSWEEK,Jan. 16, 2006 issue )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10756815/site/newsweek/
* abuse* : cruel, violent, or unfair treatment, especially of someone who does not have the power to prevent it:
◇He will always be vulnerable to abuse and exploitation by those who wield that one vital skill he doesn't have.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT30,2002,p59)
(いつも彼はabuse【虐待】とexploitation【搾取】に対して弱い立場にあるだろう/ 彼が持ち合わせていないひとつのvital skill【死活的な技能】をwield【行使】する者からの）
* abyss : MAINLY JOURNALISM a very frightening or dangerous situation, or one in which there seems to be no hope:
◇Noting that the nation has had 12 governments in as many years, Gyanendra says he will *relinquish power and *reinstate Parliament only if the parties unite to pull Nepal back from the *abyss. (TIME,Feb2,2004)
* accomplice : someone who helps another person do something illegal or wrong:
◇But the major accomplice in Sun's death got off free.(TIME,JUNE23,2003,p32)
（しかし、Sun's deathのmajor accomplice【主要な共犯】は自由の身となった。）
* accountable : in a position where people have the right to criticize you or ask you why something happened:
◇In the past, politicians tended to avoid taking detailed stands on issues, fearing they could later be accountable for broken promises.(TIME,NOV17,2003,p29)
(過去においてpoliticiansは問題に対して詳細な立場を採るのを避ける傾向があった/ あとでbroken promisesの責任を取らされるのをおそれてのことである。）
* accumulate* : to get more and more of something over a period of time:
◇America has *accumulated vast reservoirs of goodwill in Asia. From the mayors in China to the entrepreneurs in India, from the scholars in Japan to the economists in Indonesia, from the bankers in Hong Kong to the public servants in Singapore, there is virtually an entire army of American-trained Asian minds leading Asia and making critical decisions.(TIME,Nov15,2004)
* acrimonious : an acrimonious meeting or discussion is one in which people argue a lot and get very angry(L)
*** adept* : skillful at doing something:
◇ And thanks to Internet file sharing, many Koreans became adept at downloading Japanese music and programs. (NEWSWEEK,Feb9,2004,p49)
◇Based on 500 hours of interviews, the Initiative for Inclusive Society reports: "Women are particularly *adept at bridging the ethnic, religious and political divides."
(NEWSWEEK,Nov. 14, 2005 issue,p46)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9937715/site/newsweek/
◇In the *wake of SARS, China's leaders have become increasingly *adept at operating in the harsh spotlight of the international community.
(TIME,Dec5,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501051205-1134809,00.html
* adhere : to support or believe in an idea, plan, opinion, etc.:
* adherent : a supporter of a set of ideas, an organization, or a person:
◇ Facing irrelevance, the hard-core radicals turned to violence, hoping to gain attention and *adherents by daring acts of bloodshed. Thus the *proliferation of terror by groups like the Red Brigades and the Baader-Meinhof gang. (NEWSWEEK,2004,Mar22,p15)
** admonish* : to advise someone to do or not do something
◇ He is doubling the federal money currently spent to *admonish teens to practice sexual *abstinence.(TIME,Feb2,2004,p64)
◇One senator *admonished that Americans should "be less concerned with... the height of the tail fin on the new car and [more] prepared to shed blood, sweat and tears if this country and the free world are to survive."(NEWSWEEK,May30,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7935081/site/newsweek
** adversary* : an enemy or opponent
◇Lee Teng-hui, the first native Taiwanese to become president, speaks far better Japanese than he does Mandarin, and has frequently been criticized by political *adversaries for "thinking like a Japanese." (TIME,Feb. 27, 2005)
◇Meanwhile, Beijing has been waging a charm offensive, cutting duties on goods from Taiwan and inviting Chen's leading political *adversaries to visit the mainland.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p24)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12018348/site/newsweek/
* adversity* : a difficult period in your life in which you have many problems
◇At least people like Shimogaki?struggling nobly in the face of *adversity?enjoy a measure of sympathy from their countrymen. (TIME,JULY18,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050718-1081429,00.html
* affectation : something that is not part of your natural personality but that you do or say to impress people
◇Mao Zedong, the founder of the People's Republic, considered teeth brushing a Western *affectation and thought nothing of greeting international dignitaries while wearing patched trousers.
(TIME,Dec19,2005)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1126714,00.html
* affirmative action : the practice of choosing someone for a job or course of education who belongs to a group that is often treated in an unfair way because of their race, sex, health, etc.
◇ It can be argued that the position Bush took wasn't very courageous: vast majorities of Americans support it. About 65% favor either a guest-worker program or simple legalization of current illegals, according to a recent Pew Research Center poll. But it is never easy going against your party's base. For a Democrat, the equivalent would be opposition to affirmative action. (TIME,May. 21, 2006, Bush Is Smart on the Border ? and the G.O.P. Isn't)
http://www.time.com/time/columnist/klein/article/0,9565,1196380,00.html
* agent* :someone who works for a country's INTELLIGENCE AGENCY and collects secret information about foreign governments: SPY
* agent* : TECHNICAL a substance that has a particular effect:
◇ Not too long ago members of a doomsday sect *hunkered down on a local farm and tested a deadly nerve *agent.(NEWSWEEK,Mar8,2004,p20)
* agnostic : someone who believes that it is not possible to know whether God exists or not
◇Many of India's most influential thinkers, like the Buddha, were *agnostics?or outright atheists.(TIME,Aug29,2005)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050829-1096536,00.html
* alienate* : to make someone dislike you, or not want to help or support you
◇Voters are fed up with seemingly endless corruption scandals: Even in this election, several lawmakers are being investigated for allegedly taking bribes from political hopefuls. Nasty and chronic *bickering between political parties has further *alienated the public.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE5,2006,Incumbents, Beware)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13007804/site/newsweek/
*** ailment* : an illness, usually not a serious one
◇ When it comes to most of his *ailments, Lei prefers drugs and other conventional treatments, but nothing he's found *alleviates muscle pain better than acupuncture.(NEWSWEEK,MAY19,2003,p38)
(おおかたのailment【疾患】に関してLeiはdrugsや従来からのtreatmentsを好むが、いままで見出したものの中で、acupuncture【ハリ】ほどmuscle painをalleviate【軽減】するものはない。）
◇ Although the late Mao Zeodong *maligned psychiatry as a bourgeois *discipline, the current government will have to pour more money into the field if they want to *rectify a growing imbalance: psychiatric *ailments that account for one fifth of China's public-health burden now receive only 2 percent of the health budget.(NEWSWEEK,Nov24,2003,p33)
（故毛（沢東）は精神医学をbourgeois *discipline【ブルジョアの学問】と中傷したが、current governmentはさらなる金をこのfieldにつぎ込まなければならない / もし growing imbalanceを是正したいのなら / psychiatric *ailments【精神疾患】は中国のpublic-health burden【公衆衛生負担】の五分の一を占めているが / 現在、保健予算の２％しか受けていない。）
◇He lost the month of August to a mysterious *ailment that was later diagnosed as a *benign tumor.
(TIME,Dec13,2004,p41)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1009677,00.html
◇In this New Age interpretation, Mozart is the ultimate composer-therapist whose music can help treat *ailments ranging from acne to Alzheimer's disease and even, it is claimed, make you and your kids smarter. (TIME,JAN16,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901060116-1147107,00.html
***** alleviate* : to make something less painful, severe, or serious:
◇ When it comes to most of his ailments, Lei prefers drugs and other conventional treatments, but nothing he's found alleviates muscle pain better than acupuncture.(NEWSWEEK,MAY19,2003,p38)
(おおかたのailment【患い】に関してLeiは薬や従来からの治療を好むが、いままで見出したものの中で、acupuncture【ハリ】ほどmuscle painをalleviate【軽減】するものはない。）
◇ In the past, war-torn countries such as Cambodia and Vietnam have alleviated their orphan crises by allowing Western couples to adopt.(NEWSWEEK,DECEM9,2002,p29)
(過去において、戦争で荒廃したCambodia and Vietnamのような国々はorphan crisesを緩和してきた / Western couplesが養子にすることを認めることで。）
◇Five years ago, the government decided that getting more people into college, and delaying their entry into the job market, would alleviate a growing unemployment problem.(NEWSWEEK,SEP15,2003)
(五年前政府は決定した、more peopleを大学に入れて、entry into the job marketを遅らせることは、a growing unemployment problemをalleviate【緩和する】であろうと）
◇In 1994, when China produced more oil than it consumed, Beijing allowed county governments in Shaanxi to drill for oil in an effort to *alleviate chronic poverty.(TIME,JULY25,2005,p33)
◇Chinese authorities are scrambling to *alleviate rural poverty?and have made it Beijing's top priority. The government has said it will *eliminate agricultural taxes, improve rural health care, and provide free primary-school education.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
* aloof(2005年1級第2回) : someone who is aloof, or who remains or stays aloof from something, is not friendly or does not want to be involved in something
◇Chinese students described their Japanese peers as aloof, but none interviewed by TIME had ever talked with one.(TIME,NOV17,2003,p42)
(Chinese studentsはJapanese peersをよそよそしいと評したが、TIMEにインタビューされた中で話したことのある者はいない。）
**altruism : a way of thinking and behaving that shows you care about other people and their interests more than you care about yourself
◇And with an *influx of Western nonprofit organizations into China, Western notions of *altruism have also filtered in, making it more acceptable to reach out to strangers.
(NEWSWEEK,LULY25,Aug1,2005)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8598730/site/newsweek/
◇Science is documenting the healing values of love, intimacy, community, compassion, forgiveness, *altruism and service?values that are part of almost all spiritual traditions as well as many *secular ones.(NEWSWEEK Oct. 3, 2005 issue)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9466931/site/newsweek/
* ambush*： to attack someone after hiding and waiting for them:
◇It's a choke point, the perfect place for an ambush. （TIME,JUNE16,2003)
（そこはchoke point【難所】だから、ambush【待ち伏せ】にはperfect placeだ。
** ammunition* : bullets, bombs, etc. that can be fired from a weapon:
◇Like their Hizbullah *role models, Palestinian guerrillas have steadily improved both their tactics and their weaponry. Some of the arms and *ammunition have been *smuggled in from abroad, possibly with the help of Hizbullah *intermediaries.(NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2002,p34)
◇ When the whole valley hears us firing 140 rokets in a day, they know we're not short of *ammunition.(TIME, Mar29,2004,p39)
* ample* : enough, and often more than you need:
◇ Technology means that small numbers can still do great harm?as last week's tragedy *amply illustrates. But that should not *obscure the reality that the violence is a sign of weakness.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar22,2004,p15)
* anesthesia : ANESTHETICS given to someone before a medical operation, or the use of anesthetics
◇Since the early 1990s, thousands of patients have opted for hypnosis--either as a substitute for or (more typically) as a *complement to anesthesia--in a wide variety of surgical procedures, from repairing hernias to removing tumors.(TIME,Mar27,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1174707,00.html
* animosity : a strong feeling of disliking someone or something: HOSTILITY
◇ Washington is hoping that both sides will resume a civil and constructive dialogue; there is simply too much is at stake to let the *animosity linger.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar20,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786789/site/newsweek/page/2/
* anonymous* : used about something that is done, written, etc. by someone whose name is not known:
◇Early this summer, a track - and - fieled coach made an anonymous call to the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency.(TIME,NOV3,2003)
(この夏の初めに、あるtrack - and - fieled coach がU.S. Anti-Doping Agencyに匿名の電話をかけた。）
* antagonistic : disliking someone or something very much and behaving in a very unfriendly way toward them:
◇ Thaksin has been *antagonistic to the press since he entered politics in 1997. Journalists who insisted on *probing his business empire got a taste of Thaksin's vaunted temper. (TIME, Mar18,2002,p28)
* appease* : to give your opponents what they want:
◇ Arresting him could trigger dangerous protest among Islamist extremists and senior military officers who feel Musharraf has already gone too far in appeasing the White House.(TIME,Jan19,2004,p20)
** apprehend : FORMAL to arrest someone
◇ Police officials say that even if they could identify the killers, they lack the resources to *apprehend and punish them.(TIME,Dec1,2003,p54)
◇ The militarization of the Mexican border did not raise the probability of *apprehending undocumented Mexicans, reduce their numbers or *induce those in America to go home.(NEWSWEEK,Jan19,2004,p29)
* appropriate : to take something illegally
◇Caught last October, the two Koreans responsible for the theft insisted they were on a mission to reclaim pieces of Korean history, which had been *appropriated by the Japanese.(NEWSWEEK,Feb21,p55)
** arable : arable land is suitable or used for growing crops
◇Barely 1 percent of the country's *arable land is *irrigated, and peasant farmers remain almost entirely dependent on rainfall to survive. "We have wasted almost every drop of water we have," says Fidelis Mgowa, a rural-development expert with Catholic Relief Services in Blantyre.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov14,p29,2005)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9938334/site/newsweek/page/2/
◇Although Chinese farmers make up one-eighth of the world's population, the country has less than 10 percent of the world's *arable land. Even that is being nibbled away by residential villas and "special development zones." (NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
*arbitrate : to officially try to settle a disagreement by considering all the facts and opinions
◇In our culture, rules do not *arbitrate the interaction of people; it's people who *arbitrate the application of the rules so that interpersonal relations proceed smoothly, *unimpeded by the law.
(TIME,LULY18,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050718-1081443,00.html
* arbitrary : not based on any particular plan or done for any particular reason
** assert* : to claim that you have the right to do something or behave in a particular way:
◇ And although county councils are *technically elected, the *slates are carefully prepared and "the Communist Party almost always finds a way to *assert control over them," says Ding Xueliang, a professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology who researches local governments. (TIME,May18,2002,p24)
◇In 1993, he wrote Blueprint for a New Japan, a book *espousing the "normal nation" theory?now very much in *vogue?*asserting that Japan needs to develop the political, military and diplomatic power commensurate with its economic might in order to become a global leader.
(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
*** assertive* ： behaving in a confident way in which you are quick to express your opinions and feelings:
◇From Iraq to North Korea, one sees a much more assertive Japanese foreign policy.(NEWSWEEK,OCT13,2003)
(Iraq から North Koreaまで, もっとassertive【積極的】な日本を見てとれる）
◇The Harvard professor *foresaw a collision of "Western arrogance, Islamic intolerance and [Chinese] *assertiveness" that would dominate global politics in the post-cold-war era.(NEWSWEEK,Mar22,2004,p36)
◇ With economic growth comes cultural confidence and political *assertiveness. The West has long taken Asia for granted, seeing it as an investment opportunity or a stage where Great Power rivalries could be played out, as in Vietnam and Korea. But this too will change. (NEWSWEEK,Oct25,2004,p13)
**** assimilate* : to begin to consider yourself part of a community or culture rather than being foreign
◇ Okinawa, formerly the Kingdom of the Ryukyus, had its own culture, foods and language until it was forcibly *assimilated into Japan in the late 1800s.
(NEWSWEEK, JAN13,2003,p47)
(沖縄、かつての琉球王国はown culture, foods and languageを持っていた / 1800年代後期に日本に強制的に同化させられるまでは。）
◇ But ethnic tensions in China seldom turn violent. Especially well *assimilated is China's largest Muslim minority, the Hui, who number some 10 million and are scattered throughout the country. (TIME,Nov15,2004,p61)
◇To help them *assimilate, Seoul gives refugees a two-month-long "life-training" course ? teaching such things as how to open a bank account ? and a $23,000 settlement payment. (TIME,Aug9,2004,p22)
◇Sarkozy plans to introduce highly selective immigration, testing for the "*assimilability" of those it admits. A new "contract of welcome and integration" *stipulates learning French and looking for a job in return for 10-year residence permits and discrimination protections. Immigrants failing to respect basic Western values face *deportation.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar6,2006)http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
** assimilation* : the process of becoming part of a community or culture:
◇Are Hispanics rejecting the powerful forces of American cultural *assimilation, which swallowed up the successive waves of European immigrants who preceded them? (NEWSWEEK,Mar22,2004,p37)
◇ If at the turn of the 20th century, Ellis Island had greeted *teeming masses speaking not 50 languages but just, say, German, America might not have enjoyed the same success at *assimilation and national unity that it has.(TIME,JUNE12,p60,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1200741,00.html
*assume*
1): to believe that something is true, even though no one has told you or even though you have no proof
◇But unlike such modern thinkers as Hobbes and Marx, the Buddha didn't *assume that a model of society was needed that could contain the *rampaging egos of human beings.(TIME,FEB28,2005)
2)*** : to officially start a new job or position
◇ Sheik Mohammed, known to his people as "the boss," assumed practical control of Dubai in 1995. Since then he's refashioned the city-state according to his "Vision 2010"?*revving up tourism, finance and media-related businesses, while turning its harbor into a model of efficiency that DP World has exported to ports in India, China and beyond. (NEWSWEEK,Mar13,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11675823/site/newsweek/
◇Washington also hopes the newly trained Afghan army, which has 35,000 troops, will *assume a greater role. But in places like Helmand province, where few Afghan or foreign troops were stationed, the main burden of *fending off the insurgents has fallen to an Afghan police force that is poorly trained and often overmatched by the Taliban.
（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
◇It must be thrilling to *assume command of Sony, a luminous icon of Japan's postwar recovery. Thrilling, and perhaps *sobering. (TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
** assumption* : something you consider likely to be true even though no one has told you directly or even though you have no proof
◇Many Japanese educators have likewise started to question their own *assumptions. *Chastened by incidences of teen suicide and school-related stress (and mindful of the need to create a more adaptable workforce at a time of economic restructuring), the Japanese Ministry of Education has, in recent years, *implemented measures in public schools to take emphasis away from rote learning.
http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story2.html
◇There's also mounting skepticism about the *assumption that clean, attractive environs come at the cost of economic performance?a belief still widely held even in advanced Asian cities like Hong Kong. "If we don't place an emphasis on environmental friendliness, not only will citizens leave the city, but foreign investors won't choose Seoul," says Mayor Lee. "I believe that over the long term, choosing the environment serves a dual purpose."
(TIME,May15,2006,p19,Saving Seoul)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060515/story2.html
**** atrocity*(2005年1級第2回) : a cruel and violent act, often in a war:
◇Chinese middle-school students may now groove along to Japanese pop songs, but wartime *atrocities are still drummed into their heads in *heavy-handed textbooks.(TIME,NOV17,2003,p42)
(Chinese middle-school studentsは今やJapanese pop songsに夢中になっているかもしれないが、戦時中のatrocity【暴虐】はheavy-handed textbooks【高圧的な教科書】の中で彼らの頭の中にたたき込まれる。）
※Mack's sister had been murdered for attempting to expose the extent of gonernment involvement in *atrocities committed during the country's 36-year civil war.(NEWSWEEK,NOV17,2003,p32)
（Mack's sisterが殺されたのは、政府がatrocity【暴虐】に関与した度合いを暴露しようとしたからだ/ それはその国の３６年に及ぶcivil war【内戦】の中で行われた。）
◇Then, as journalists began to report on the mounting military atrocities against civilians, several reporters - Indonesian and foreign - were interrogated by police or army, and at least three received death threats.(TIME,JUNE9,2003)
(それから、journalistsが民間人に対するmilitary atrocities【軍の暴虐】の増加を報道し始めると、several reporters（Indonesian and foreign）はpolice or armyに尋問され、少なくとも三人がdeath threatsを受けた。）
◇ Eight years ago, the country's highest legislative body, the People's Consultative Assembly, ordered an investigation into the Suharto family's wealth, while a human-rights commission began *probing *atrocities during the so-called New Order period.
(NEWSWEEK,May29,2006,p28) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892028/site/newsweek/
*attribute : a quality or feature of someone or something
◇Other developed democracies take medical insurance, decent education, efficient public transport and a social safety net as essential *attributes of a just society.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept. 19, 2005 )
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9287444/site/newsweek/
**attuned ： familiar with something and able to deal with it in a sensitive way:
◇They're also highly attuned to the tastes of Indian reading publics.(TIME,0CT6,2003,p43)
(彼らは、Indian reading publicsの好みを熟知している）
◇Both men agree that their primary care colleagues aren't very well attuned to the problem.(TIME,0CT13,2003,p43)
(ふたりの男は同意する/ 一次医療に当たるcolleaguesは問題をあまりよく知らない）
*augment : to increase the size, amount, or value of something
◇At the same time, a growing number of top universities are reducing their emphasis on standardized tests. Many are even beginning to throw them out altogether in favor of interviews and recommendations?markers of aptitude that can't be faked. The rising incidence of scoring errors has only heightened their concerns; just two weeks ago the U.S. College Board revealed that some 4,000 scores from last October's SAT had been miscalculated?some by as much as 400 points. "I do see a rise in alternative ways to *augment the scores," says Gary Natriello, an education professor at Columbia University's Teachers College. "People are looking for those other signs that a student has a lot of potential."(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
*auspicious : showing signs that suggest that something is likely to be successful
◇He inherited the throne when his nephew, Crown Prince Dipendra, shot dead King Birendra and eight other members of the royal family in a June 2001 massacre at the palace before killing himself. Dipendra was thought to be depressed that his girlfriend had been rejected by his family. At any rate, a mix of anger, whisky, hashish and an impressive collection of automatic weapons proved deadly for the royals. It was an *inauspicious start to Gyanendra's reign, and he did little to raise the country's spirits.
(TIME,Apr. 23, 2006,Battle of Wills)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186607,00.html
* austerity : an economic policy by which a government reduces the amount of money it spends by a large amount:
◇ Senior officials there had complained that new *austerity measures requiring Beijing's approval were deflating the city's boom. (TIME,Sept20,2004,p31)
* autonomy* : a situation in which a state, region, or organization is independent and has the power to govern itself: INDEPENDENCE
◇The *rebels, like most of the 6.5 million people in the province, want greater political *autonomy and more control over the region's *abundant mineral resources.(NEWSWEEK,Jan. 16, 2006 issue )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10756815/site/newsweek/
* autocrat* : someone who has complete power in a country or organization
◇The outraged parties accuse him of trying to return to the days when his family ran the country as feudal autocrats and living Hindu gods, before democracy's arrival in 1990. (TIME,Feb2,2004)
* autocratic : ruling with complete power:
◇ He ran as a reformer and an *ostensible supporter of Thailand's pro-democracy 1997 constitution. But Thaksin's first year in office has been characterized by the sort of top-down management style that might work in the boardroom but seems *autocratic almost anywhere else.
(TIME,Mar18,2004,p28)
** autonomy* : a situation in which a state, region, or organization is independent and has the power to govern itself: INDEPENDENCE:
◇A quick transfer of authority to a weak central government will only encourage the Shiites, the Sunnis and the Kurds to retain de facto autonomy in their regions and fragment the country.(NEWSWEEK,NOV10,2003,p11)
(weak central governmentに早急に権限を委譲すれば、シーア派、スンニー派、クルド人が事実上のautonomy【自治】を維持し国をばらばらにするのを促すだけだ。）
◇ ETA follows this pattern. Having been founded to protest the brutal suppression of the Basques under Franco's reign, it *floundered as Spain became democratic and provided the Basques with increasing levels of *autonomy.(NEWSWEEK,Mar22,2004,p15)
* aversion : a strong feeling that you dislike someone or something
◇Those most optimistic about the future tend to be people too young to remember Soviet times and unburdened by any ideological *aversion to capitalism. (TIME,MAY15,2006,p31)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1191848,00.html
* avert : to prevent something bad or harmful from happening:
◇ Dialogue with North Korea would go a long way toward averting a real crisis.(TIME,JAN13,2003)
(North Koreaとの対話は、a real crisisを回避するのに大いに役に立つ。）
** awash : containing a lot or too much of something
◇With oil prices now more than $70 per bbl., Russia is *awash in cash--and more of it is trickling down to ordinary people in ordinary places. Seven consecutive years of *robust growth--currently about 6% a year after inflation--have transformed the country, giving birth to a consumer class and bringing signs of prosperity to the long-suffering *hinterland.
(TIME,MAY15,2006,p31)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1191848,00.html
◇Of course, the picture is not all *bleak. Billions of dollars have poured into Afghanistan since the Taliban's ouster, and some 23,000 American soldiers and 9,000 NATO peacekeepers are securing the country and training Afghanistan's *fledgling Army and police. Girls are going to school in record numbers. Kabul is *awash in secondhand cars brought in from neighboring Iran. New commercial buildings and ornate residences are *sprouting.(NEWSWEEK,p28,2006) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
* backdrop : the situation or place in which something happens:
◇ The backdrop to last week's events involves not just two people but two major shifts in the global landscape?the rising costs of terrorism and the benefits of globalization.(NEWSWEEK, Jan19,2004,p13)
** backfire* : if a plan or idea backfires, it has the opposite effect of the one that you wanted:
◇And the murder attempts might *backfire on the militants, the official adds, goading Musharraf into a *crackdown similar to the one in Saudi Arabia, where 600 suspects were arrested after suicide bombings against foreign residential compounds in Riyadh killed 35 people last May.(TIME, Jan12,2004,p18)(goad = to deliberately make someone feel very angry or upset so that they react:)
◇While Asian nations from China to Thailand have recently introduced credit cards into consumer culture, only South Korea has seen this basically smart idea *backfire spectacularly.(NEWSWEEK, MAR8,2004,p38)
** backlash : a strong, negative, and often angry reaction to something that has happened, especially a political or social change:
◇ While the most *well-endowed labs in the United States, Britain, France and elsewhere are *hamstrung by a political *backlash against cloning research, South Korea has quietly filled the vacuum.(NEWSWEEK,Mar1,2004,p44)
◇The backlash has not been long in coming?from both sides of the Rio Grande. (NEWSWEEK,Mar22,2004,p36)
◇After decades of relatively *unfettered immigration and cultural laissez faire when it came to accepting people of differing values and social mores, there are signs that a potentially ugly *backlash is setting in.(NEWSWEEK,Mar6,2006)
http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
* bargain : to try to persuade someone to give you a better price or make an agreement that suits you better:
◇The labor shortage has given button-sewers and shoe-stitchers a bit of *bargaining power for the first time. Factory owners cannot replace *disgruntled employees as easily as they once could
(TIME,JAN31,2005,p39)
** beacon : MAINLY LITERARY someone or something that encourages people and gives them a good example to follow:
◇It is in America's long-term interest to *foster the development of a successful and modern Islamic state that would become an alternative *beacon to replace the current *infatuation with Osama bin Laden. (TIME,Nov15,2004,p55)
◇The Bush administration describes spreading democracy as the lodestar of its foreign policy. It speaks about democracy constantly and has expanded funding for programs associated with it. The administration sees itself as giving voice to the hundreds of millions who are oppressed around the world. And yet the prevailing image of the United States in those lands is not at all as a *beacon of liberty.(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006,p15)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12893650/site/newsweek/
** beef up : to increase or improve something or make it more interesting:
※Beijing cracked down on the influx in 2001, and this year China has beefed up border security to what one local professor calls “an unusual, abnormal degree”.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT8,2003,p27)
(中国政府はinflux【流入】を２００１年に取り締まり/今年は国境警備を増強した/one local professorの呼ぶところによれば「普通ではなく、異常な程度に」）
◇ Indian firms have also had some success in beefing up RD in anticipation of the patent changes. (NEWSWEEK,Nov22,p48,2004)
** beleaguered : having a lot of problems or criticism to deal with
◇Kim Jaebum, a professor of diplomacy at Yonsei University in Seoul, says the liberal President has been widely perceived as soft on Japan?a political *liability at a time when his *beleaguered Uri party is preparing for hotly contested local elections in May.
(TIME,May. 01, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060508-1189390,00.html
◇Things are so politically charged that Beijing's propaganda-meisters have barred domestic media from reporting on the property-rights-law controversy altogether. Unfortunately the travails of China's *beleaguered farmers won't disappear so easily.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/page/2/
**benign* : FORMAL kind and nice
◇They have even settled their differences with the Americans, who are now viewed as *benign cash-spending tourists or customers for the endless stream of sneakers and clothing *churned out in factories nestled around Tan Son Nhut.
(TIME,MAY2,2005,p56)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050502-1053696,00.html
◇Muslim leaders say the cartoons are not just offensive. They're blasphemy--the mother of all offenses. That's because Islam forbids any visual depiction of the Prophet, even *benign ones. Should non-Muslims respect this taboo? I see no reason why. (TIME,Feb13,2006,p56)
http://205.188.238.109/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1156609,00.html
* benign : a benign lump in your body or a benign disease is not cancer and will not kill you
◇He lost the month of August to a mysterious *ailment that was later diagnosed as a *benign tumor.
(TIME,Dec13,2004,p41)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1009677,00.html
** bicker* : to argue about things that are not important
◇ If Japan remains at *loggerheads with China and South Korea, that could leave North Asia ill-equipped to defuse what may be the most serious threat of all to regional security: a nuclear North Korea. Six-party talks with the *hermit kingdom have stalled and *bickering among three of the participants certainly won't help them get into gear.
(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
◇Voters are fed up with seemingly endless corruption scandals: Even in this election, several lawmakers are being investigated for allegedly taking bribes from political hopefuls. Nasty and chronic *bickering between political parties has further *alienated the public.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE5,2006,Incumbents, Beware)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13007804/site/newsweek/
*** bid* : an attempt to do something:
◇ Washington supported its entry into the WTO, its bid for the 2008 Olympics and even accepted beijing's argument that its Xinjiang region harbors Islamic terrorists.(NEWSWEEK,DEC30,2002,JAN6,2003p13)
(米国政府は、中国のentry into the WTOおよび bid for the 2008 Olympics を支援し、中国政府によるXinjiang region が Islamic terroristsをかくまっているというargument 【主張】さえ受け入れた。）
◇The spending was the plan of former Communist Party chief and former President Jiang Zemin, who took *credit for Beijing's winning *bid in 2001. The Olympic projects, it was hoped, would mark China's economic growth and proclaim its arrival as a world power.(TIME,Sept20,2004,p30)
◇ It might look as if history were repeating itself: just as in the 1970s, ' 80s and '90s, *defiant protesters have taken to Bangkok's streets in a *bid to oust a Thai leader they revile. Yet this time their *nemesis isn't a swaggering general who seized power in a coup, but a populist prime minister who won re-election in a landslide barely a year ago.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p26,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12016837/site/newsweek/
* bid : to offer a particular amount of money for something, for example at an AUCTION
◇ Foreign investors have been flocking to Pakistan to *bid on privatizations and on licenses in the newly opened telecom sector.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/page/2/
** Big Brother : a person or organization that watches people all the time and tries to control everything they say or do
◇Miniaturization technology and cheaper electronics have enabled thousands of Taiwanese to become amateur *Big Brothers, *surreptitiously videotaping employees, friends and total strangers without regard for privacy or propriety.(TIME,April1,2002,p34)
◇Is UNCLE SAM playing the role of Big Brother in Latin America?(NEWSWEEK,JULY14,,2003,p25)
（アメリカはラテンアメリカで監督者の役を演じているのだろうか？）
* bigot : someone who is bigoted
* bigoted : someone who is bigoted has opinions that most people think are unreasonable, especially about race, politics, or religion, and is not willing to consider other people's opinions
◇ First, he appeared to side with religious *bigots opposed to a mixed-gender "mini-marathon" in Lahore and failed to condemn the police harassment of the race's supporters, including leading human-rights lawyer Asma Jahangir.(TIME,JULY11,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050711-1079527,00.html
** binge : an occasion when someone does too much of something they enjoy, such as drinking:
◇ Soon she had five more cards from other *solicitors and was embarking?along with millions of other South Koreans?on a massive shopping *binge, paying one card off with another.(NEWSWEEK, MAR8,2004,p38)
◇All our spending and borrowing have juiced the U.S. economy and, through swelling trade deficits, the global economy. We know this buying *binge can't continue forever.
(NEWSWEEK,March 27)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/
* bipartisan : involving two political parties with different ideas or policies:
◇ Despite the support of community leaders, the surveillance plan was stopped by a vocal *bipartisan coalition of liberals and conservatives suspicious of government power in all forms. The same bipartisan coalition in America has also blocked other post-9/11 security *initiatives. (NEWSWEEK,Mar8,2004,p45)
* blackout : a situation in which reporters are officially prevented from reporting news about something:
◇ The news black-out may have had as much to do with Beijing's fear of social disorder snowballing into more widespread unrest as with ending ethnic tensions.(TIME,Nov15,2004,61)
*** bleak* : without any reasons to feel happy or hopeful:
◇ The prospects for privacy and civil liberties in Europe are not entirely bleak.(NEWSWEEK,Mar8,2004,p45)
◇ The end of quotas may not be entirely *bleak for the developing world. In Pakistan, for example, sales of some items in which the country's manufacturers are internationally competitive, such as bedsheets and towels, could jump. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p37)
◇Of course, the picture is not all *bleak. Billions of dollars have poured into Afghanistan since the Taliban's ouster, and some 23,000 American soldiers and 9,000 NATO peacekeepers are securing the country and training Afghanistan's *fledgling Army and police. Girls are going to school in record numbers. Kabul is *awash in secondhand cars brought in from neighboring Iran. New commercial buildings and ornate residences are *sprouting.(NEWSWEEK,p28,2006) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
* blessing in disguise : something that seems to cause problems, but that you later realize is a good thing
◇"Hwang's scandal can be a *blessing in disguise," says Han Yong Man, a researcher at the state-run Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology.
(NEWSWEEK,Jan. 9, 2005 )
* blockbuster : something that is very successful, especially a movie, show, or novel:
◇ When Anglo-Swedish drug giant AstraZeneca launched its anti-ulcer drug Losec in 1989 in Europe and the United States, it was an instant *blockbuster.(NEWSWEEK,Nov22,p48,2004)
*blunt : saying what is true or what you think, even if this offends or upsets people
◇City leaders have *decried contractors who hire out-of-state laborers rather than locals. Addressing a business forum in October, Nagin put the issue *bluntly: "How do I ensure that New Orleans is not overrun by Mexican workers?" After civil-rights groups *denounced him, he clarified that he had meant only that residents should be hired first.
(NEWSWEEK,Dec262005,Jan22006,p44)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10218343/site/newsweek/from/RSS/
*** boast* : to proudly tell other people about what you or someone connected with you has done or can do, or about something you own, especially in order to make them admire you: BRAG:
◇Thaksin, a telecommunications billionaire, prides himself on his CEO-style leadership. He's *boasted of his own willingness, when necessary, to change the rules to achieve desired results.(TIME,Mar18,2004,p28)
◇With one out of 10 citizens unemployed, many of the country's best and brightest gone off to work elsewhere in Asia and the Middle East, and millions still living in poverty, the Philippines can *boast few economic bright spots. One that the government has *touted for years is *outsourcing: officially at least half of all Filipinos speak English, and low labor costs have given a boost to the so-called business-process-outsourcing (BPO) industry.(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12893038/site/newsweek/
◇*Emboldened Taliban members are increasingly visible in villages, preaching in mosques in hopes of taking advantage of peasants' frustrations. A Taliban spokesman *boasted to NEWSWEEK last week that the *insurgents are getting more weapons, more recruits and that "any fear the people may have had of helping the Taliban has vanished."(NEWSWEEK,p28,2006) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
***** bolster* : to make something stronger or more effective:
◇ Since President Hu Jintao and Prime Minister Wen Jiabao took over the reins of government in 2003, they've sought to *bolster their popular support by appearing to tackle such quality-of-life problems. (NEWSWEEK,Feb14, 2005, p28)
◇ Companies are betting that better technology and a more selective choice of crops can vastly *bolster the country's agricultural exports. (NEWSWEEK,Mer14, 2005, p42)
◇In a CDEX newsletter, director-general Asahiko Taira recently *bolstered their hopes: "We believe there has to be life there. It's the same mission as searching for life on Mars."
(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p57)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191047/site/newsweek
◇In the aftermath of Japan's defeat in World War II, the Treaty of San Francisco did not mention the islands in the list of surrendered Japanese territories?a fact that the Japanese use to bolster claims that the islands are still theirs.(TIME,May. 01, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060508-1189390,00.html
◇No two nations are more important to the United States than Canada and Mexico, and no investment will *bolster security and yield greater economic benefits for America than one that narrows the income gap between Mexico and its North American partners.
(NEWSWEEK,March 27, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11904430/site/newsweek/
* bombard : to ask someone so many questions, give them so much information, etc. that it is difficult for them to deal with it all:
◇ Local assemblies around the country have been *bombarding the government and their elected representatives with *petitions demanding that postal privatization be stopped before it's even started.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p37)
* botch : to do something very badly or carelessly:
◇ One of the Bush administration's (privately stated) reasons for going to war in Iraq was to reduce our dependence on Saudi Arabia's oil power. It was a reasonable idea. But having *botched the occupation, with Iraqi oil more insecure now than before the war, America is today more dependent on Saudi Arabia than ever before. (NEWSWEEK,Sept6/Sept13,2004,p13)
*bounty* : LITERARY the good things that something provides
◇Scientists tend to prefer the lab to the mess and complication of living beings. Now they realize that forests and oceans hold a *bounty of useful chemicals.(NEWSWEEK,No7,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9865126/site/newsweek/
* bout : a short period when you do something a lot or something happens a lot
◇ Despite promising returns, the transition has been bumpy. The farmers have suffered *bouts of malaria and typhoid fever. Their wells have collapsed and their water has run dry. *Unscrupulous contractors have *swindled them, and political opposition figures have accused them of stealing the local farmers' land.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677306/site/newsweek/
* brag* ：to talk about your achievements or possessions in a proud way that annoys other people: BOAST:
◇Pyongyang has gone from restarting its mothballed nuclear facilities to bragging about reprocessing 8,000 spent nuclear-fuel rods into weapon-grade plutonium.
(北朝鮮は棚上げしていたnuclear facilitiesをrestartさせるところから、8,000のspent nuclear-fuel rodsを兵器級プルトニウムにreprocessすることをbrag【自慢する】までに至っている）
** brandish*： to wave a weapon or other object around in your hand so that other people can see it:
◇They were armed like gang members on a rampage, brandishing sharpened bamboo staves, clubs, metal cudgels, bricks and stones.(TIME,JUNE16,2003)
（彼らは荒れ狂うgang member のように武装し、尖らせた竹槍や棍棒や金属棒やレンガや石を振りかざしていた。）
◇Last weekend, 10,000 security personnel, including soldiers *brandishing machine guns at key intersections in Islamabad, descended on the capital in preparation for the regional South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) conference.(TIME, Jan12,2004,p18)
◇*Brandishing the might of his $125 million annual food budget, he switched to plain cutlets and asked suppliers to come up with something healthy?and appealing?to put on top. (NEWSWEEK,Aug. 8, 2005 issue,p56)
*breach : a failure to follow a law or rule
◇Mehdi Savalli *eschews the rituals that bullfighters typically use to *ward off gorings and other misfortunes. He doesn't pray to the Virgen de la Estrella; he doesn't stand in front of a homemade shrine of religious prints when he slips on his traje de luces, the ornate, sequined costume worn by matadors; he doesn't cross himself before he steps into the ring. But these *breaches of bullfighting tradition have not kept him from becoming one of Spain's most promising young toreros.(Mar. 19, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901060327-1174657,00.html
* bring someone to book BRITISH : to punish someone or make them explain their behavior publicly when they have done something wrong
◇ No one has yet been *brought to book for the *mayhem, and the Gujarat courts have proved incapable of convicting the rapists, looters or murderers.(TIME, Jan26,2004,p19)
*the brink : the point in time when something very bad or very good is about to happen
*on the brink of (doing) something
◇To the horror of conservationists, Japan's whaling industry may be on the *brink of a comeback
(TIME,Jun. 13, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/printout/0,13675,501050620-1071325,00.html
*Brown v. Board of Education : a U.S. SUPREME COURT decision that made it illegal to have separate schools for black people
◇Homer Plessy, a black New Orleanian, fought for racial equality in 1896, although it took our Supreme Court 58 years to agree with him and, with *Brown v. Board of Education, to declare *segregation unequal. (TIME,Sept19,p60)
https://lists.mayfirst.org/pipermail/portside/Week-of-Mon-20050919/008310.html
** burgeoning* : growing or developing quickly:
◇That's good news for India's burgeoning private-detective industry.
(NEWSWEEK,JULY14,2003,p50)
(それはインドで急成長中のprivate-detective industry【探偵産業】にとってgood newsだ。）
◇As the country tackles the negative side effects of two decades of *unfettered economic growth?most notably a growing urban-rural income divide and *burgeoning social unrest?Beijing's leaders are looking to soothe the masses by filling a spiritual vacuum left by the *demise of Marxist ideology.(Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
** bustling* : a bustling place is full of noise and activity and is usually pleasant and interesting
◇Although Ayukawa was once a *bustling whaling port, a two-decade-long international ban on commercial whaling has all but killed the industry here. (TIME,Jun. 13, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/printout/0,13675,501050620-1071325,00.html
◇ Although China has mostly *shed Chairman Mao's class-busting ideology and cities like Shanghai boast skyscrapers and *bustling shopping malls, the deportment of some citizens *evokes an era of *subsistence.(Nov. 14, 2005, p39)
http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1126714,00.html
*calamity* : an event that causes serious damage or causes a lot of people to suffer, for example a flood or fire: DISASTER
◇But beneath all that there was a steady thrum of outrage: Why, of all people on the planet, was it the Acehnese who had been hit by this *calamity? It seemed so unfair.(TIME,Aug8,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050808-1088772,00.html
* cash in : to use an opportunity to make a profit or gain an advantage:
◇In India's Bihar state, even politicians may be cashing in on the only game in town : kidnapping for ransom.(TIME,JUNE30,2003,p34)
(インドのビハール州では、政治家さえも町で唯一の商売に手を染めているのかもしれない/ ransom【身代金】目当ての誘拐である。）
*** casualty* : someone who is injured or killed in an accident or military action:
◇ Americans have accustomed to one-sided wars with law American casualities.(NEWSWEEK,FEB3,2003)
(Americansは、American casualitiesの少ないone-sided warsに慣れてしまっている。）
◇ Without special treatment, garment industries in countries such as Nepal are likely to become a free-trade *casualty, says exporter Pokhrel: "Death is the only prediction we can make." (TIME,Nov1,2004,p38)
◇The guerrilla war between the United States and *insurgents continues, with mounting clashes and *casualties.(NEWSWEEK,Sept20,2004,p13)
** catalyst* : someone or something that causes something to happen or change
◇ In the absence of social and political reforms, the auther believes that culture must become the *catalyst for change.(TIME, FEB14,2005,)
◇ Elsewhere, the European Court of Human Rights has become an important *catalyst for change. Partly at its urging, Romania last year forced more than two thirds of its old, corrupt judiciary to retire. But in Russia, it has at best been able to claim only piecemeal victories. (NEWSWEEK,Mar13,2006,p27)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677921/site/newsweek/
** cater to something : to provide people with something they want or need, especially something unusual or special:
◇ R Family Vacations, a new company that *caters to the *untapped gay-parent travel *niche, is offering seven-day luxury cruise from New York City to Florida and the Bahamas in July.(TIME,April5,2004,p54)
◇ In Los Angeles, real-estate agents say, Koreans are buying up big mansions, office buildings and even golf courses with illegal cash transfers. Those flows are reportedly the main reason five L.A. banks that *cater to Koreans saw their combined assets *surge 20 percent, to $6 billion, last year. (NEWSWEEK,Sept30,2004,p44)
***** cause* : [count] a goal, idea, or organization that you support or work for, for example in politics:
◇ In the 1940s and 1950s, communist groups were popular and advanced their *cause politically.
(NEWSWEEK,2004,Mar22,p15)
◇ Unlike the Uighurs of Xinjiang, whose separatist *cause has *spooked Beijing, the Hui are not prevented from *overt Muslim worship; many of Henan's Hui villages have two flourishing mosques.(TIME,Nov15,2004,61)
◇Leading off the question-and-answer session, the star of Basic Instinct and Casino turned bed nets into an immediate *cause. She pledged $10,000, then turned to the elite group of politicians, businessmen, celebrities and journalists in the hall and asked that they contribute, too. (TIME,Feb7,2005,p40)
◇ Then he backed a travel ban on gang-rape victim Mukhtar Mai, preventing her from *rallying support abroad for her *cause.(TIME,JULY11,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050711-1079527,00.html
◇The peasants' *plight turned into a civil-rights *cause in Beijing after an underground DVD depicting the Ansai county *crackdown began circulating in the capital.(TIME,JULY25,2005,p33)
** cease-fire* : an agreement to stop fighting for a period of time, especially in order to discuss permanent peace:
◇He succeeded in brokering *cease-fires with 17 of Burma's armed, *rebellious tribes.(TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
◇In February 2002 the Tigers signed a *ceasefire with the Sinhalese-dominated government in the south. But *sporadic attacks and killings have persisted since. (TIME,Apr. 30, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060508-1189385,00.html
* cede : to allow someone to take something such as power or land away from you
◇Though Taliban militants in the area have murdered aid workers and local politicians, torched schools and menaced teachers, the police say the U.S. has paid the area scant attention, essentially *ceding territory to the insurgents.
（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
*** champion* : to publicly support or defend a set of beliefs, political goals, or a group of people
◇ Provincial officials, who championed the idea, say the train line will cut Mendoza's transportation costs for many goods by as much as two thirds.(NEWSWEEK, Dec1,2003,p33)
◇Roh, who championed a liberal agenda, was shunned by the older generation, but young voters supported him in mass.(NEWSWEEK,AUG4,2003,p27)
(リベラルな政策をchampion【提唱】したRohはolder generationからは敬遠されたが、young votersは大挙して支持した。）
◇Just before the crash, the government passed a law making mental-heath care a universal right. (Similar laws exist in Italy, France, Spain and Britain.) And since then, public-awareness campaigns have *championed the benefits of therapy for those traumatized by the economic *turmoil. (NEWSWEEK,JULY26,2004,p32)
* champion* : someone who publicly supports or defends a set of beliefs, political goals, or a group of people
* charge : someone that you are responsible for and take care of:
◇ Just last week Yang and her charges were forced to move across town by a developer who wanted to replace the clinic with a car showroom.(NEWSWEEK,Nov24,2003,p33)
* chasten : to make someone feel ashamed or less confident
◇Many Japanese educators have likewise started to question their own *assumptions. *Chastened by incidences of teen suicide and school-related stress (and mindful of the need to create a more adaptable workforce at a time of economic restructuring), the Japanese Ministry of Education has, in recent years, *implemented measures in public schools to take emphasis away from rote learning. http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story2.html
* chore : an ordinary job that must be done regularly:
◇ Earning a living requires round-the-clock effort, but his wife and children help with the chores. "The income isn't big," says Master, "but there's great psychological satisfaction." (NEWSWEEK,JUNE7/JULY14,2004,p22)
* chronic* : a chronic problem is always happening or returning and is very difficult to solve:
◇Although Bihar is India's third-largest state, it has attracted no investment or industry to speak of, and unemployment is chronic.
(ビハール州はIndia's third-largest stateではあるが、めぼしい投資や産業を全く誘致していないし、unemploymentは chronic【慢性的】である。）
***churn out (2004年1級第2回): to produce something in large quantities quickly and often carelessly
◇They have even settled their differences with the Americans, who are now viewed as *benign cash-spending tourists or customers for the endless stream of sneakers and clothing *churned out in factories nestled around Tan Son Nhut.
(TIME,MAY2,2005,p56)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050502-1053696,00.html
◇Most school cafeterias are staffed by poorly trained, badly equipped workers who *churn out 4.8 billion hot lunches a year. Often the meals, produced for about $1 each, consist of breaded meat patties, french fries and overcooked vegetables.(NEWSWEEK,Aug. 8, 2005 issue)
◇Set to begin production this month, the Bac Ninh factory is Canon's second in northern Vietnam, and a third is planned. Operating at full capacity, the plant can *churn out four million laser printers a month. "We plan to make this the largest laser-printer factory in the world," said Yasuo Mitsuhashi, Canon's worldwide chief of printer production, during the factory's recent completion ceremony.(TIME,Apr. 23, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186604,00.html
* circumvent : to find a way of avoiding a rule or law that limits you, especially using a clever trick that does not break the law:
◇ Khan was especially clever at setting up the secret supply network that Pakistan used through the 1980s and 90s to circumvent global controls on sensitive parts and materials, even as the government denied it was doing so.(TIME, Jan19, 2004,p19)
* claim* : MAINLY JOURNALISM if war, disease, or an accident claims someone's life, they die as a result of it
◇The government has build specialized SARS hospitals and encouraged honest reporting about the number of victims the disease *claimed.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT22,2003)
（ 政府はspecialized SARS hospitals を建設し、honest reporting をencourageした/ the disease がclaim【奪った】犠牲者数について。）
**** clamor* : to say that you want something and must have it:
◇ Businessmen on both sides of the strait are *clamoring for direct links, including phone and mail as well as shipping.(NEWSWEEK, Mar29,2004,p41)
◇True, discontent *simmers in the provinces of Tibet and Xinjiang, where Buddhists and Muslims have *clamored for independence, and various other Chinese minorities claim they are held back economically by the Han. (TIME,Nov15,2004,p61)
◇The good news is that Western drugmakers are *clamoring to begin clinical trials of new drugs on the mainland. China offers them a means of doing expensive trials on the cheap, and the possibility of a potentially *lucrative market for new drugs, which by some estimates will be worth $50 billion in five years. (NEWSWEEK, April 11/18 issue 2005, p76)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7370062/site/newsweek/
◇These days China is reeling from an HIV and AIDS epidemic that could infect 10 million people by the end of the decade, the United Nations says. The good news is that Western drugmakers are *clamoring to begin clinical trials of new drugs on the mainland. China offers them a means of doing expensive trials on the cheap, and the possibility of a potentially *lucrative market for new drugs, which by some estimates will be worth $50 billion in five years.
(NEWSWEEK,April 11/18 ,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7370062/site/newsweek/?rf=nwnewsletter
** clandestine* : secret and often illegal:
◇ U.S. intelligence officers have joined the Pakistani *probe, hoping it will provide clues to unmask and *stamp out *clandestine nuclear-procurement network.(TIME, Jan19,2004,p18)
(procurement = FORMAL the process of obtaining something)
◇ His activity is illegal, because *clandestine political organizations threaten King Faisal's fragile kingdom.(TIME,FEB14,2005)
**** clout(2005年1級第1回)* : the authority to make decisions or the power to influence events:
◇Instead, the Sangha has made a desperate political gambles to restore its *clout and prestige.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE23,2003,p37)
（その代わり、教団はdesperateな political gamblesに出た/そのclout【影響力】と prestige【威信】を回復するために。）
◇Suddenly, they reasoned, the LDP seemed vulnerable to an opposition party with real *clout.(TIME,NOV10,2003,p29)
(突然、彼らは結論に至った/ LDPはもろいように見える/ 真の影響力を持った野党には。）
◇Some migrants are now using their economic *clout to perform work usually done by big aid organizations. Ambadedi's workers' association in Paris, for example, funds some village projects with its members' own earnings. But the association also *solicits help from the French government and the European Union.(TIME,Feb13,2006,)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901051205-1134698-3,00.html
◇The biggest danger is that in the process, the radicals will succeed in igniting *simmering ethnic and religious tensions?and mirror the divisions already apparent outside the university walls. Sectarian groups were barred from running for student-union elections earlier this year, but many simply set up parallel "committees" that carry greater *clout than the elected unions.
(TIME, JUNE6,2005)http://www.mafhoum.com/press8/241S26.htm
* combustible*：likely to suddenly become dangerous or violent:
◇This combustible mix of economic hardship, increased political activity and simmering resentment against the regime loosely resembled the conditions that led to the 1988 democracy uprising.
(TIME,JUNE16,2003)
（このeconomic hardshipとincreased political activityとsimmering resentment against the regimeの一触即発のmixは、1988 democracy uprisingに結びついた状況に概ね似ている。）
* commission : an extra amount of money that you have to pay to a bank or other organization when they provide a service for you
◇ *Diversion to Ishigaki costs the average vessel $4,500 in tonnage dues and *commissions paid to one of the local shipping agencies, *netting Japan about $18 million a year in fees.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar29,2004,p40)
* commit* : to promise to do something
* commitment* : enthusiasm for something and a determination to work hard at it
* complacency : a complacent attitude or way of behaving
◇But even Saudi officials close to the top leadership worry the flood of money will bring back the regime's old *complacency. "The big risk is overconfidence," says an adviser to one of the senior princes.(NEWSWEEK, Nov8, 2004,p21)
* complacent : too confident and relaxed because you think you can deal with something easily, even though this may not be true:
* complement : something that is added to something else
◇Since the early 1990s, thousands of patients have opted for hypnosis--either as a substitute for or (more typically) as a *complement to anesthesia--in a wide variety of surgical procedures, from repairing hernias to removing tumors.(TIME,Mar27,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1174707,00.html
* complicity : the fact that someone is involved in or knows about something bad that happens
◇The military hotly denies the possibility of *complicity in the *ranks. (TIME, Jan12,2004,p18)
* compliance : the practice of obeying a law, rule, or request
◇Since then, the war in Iraq, friction over illegal immigration, violence along the U.S.-Mexico border and a lack of *compliance on trade agreements have resulted in a marked *deterioration in U.S. relations with its neighbors.(NEWSWEEK,March 27, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11904430/site/newsweek/
*compliant : too willing to do what other people want or too willing to accept their opinions
◇In the new economies, the real *spoils will go to the creatives?the quick-witted entrepreneurs and innovators, not the *compliant milksops with ambitions restricted to the traditional professions. http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story3.html
*comply* : to obey a rule or law, or to do what someone asks you to do
◇
** compound : to make a problem or difficult situation worse:
◇ Some immigrants succeed quickly; others do not. But if the poverty persists?and is compounded by more immigration?then it will create mounting political and social problems.
(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p45)
◇Pandas need all the love they can get. There are only 1,590 of them living in the wild, and fewer than 200 in captivity. They're notoriously difficult to breed. But researchers at Wolong are slowly unraveling the mysteries of panda sex. The females are in heat only four days a year, and to *compound the challenge, males have their own reproductive cycle.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p25,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12018348/site/newsweek/
* compromise : [transitive] to risk harming or losing something important:
◇ "We risk losing some of our most talented scientists and *compromising our country's position at the forefront of technological innovation," he wrote.(NEWSWEEK,Sept27,2004,p34)
** conciliatory : trying to end an argument and make people feel less angry
◇India has responded with several conciliatory gestures, including the lifting of a ban on flights into the country by Pakistan's national airline. (TIME, Jan12,2004,p18)
◇Many Chinese foreign-relations experts, for example, have long favored a more conciliatory posture toward Taiwan. (TIME,Sept20,2004,p31)
* conceive : to become pregnant
◇ Carly was conceived a month after 9/11. She is not, technically, a 9/11 baby, since we decided we wanted her well before that terrible day.(NEWSWEEK,November,2003,p11)
(Carlyは9/11の一ヵ月後に受胎した。technically【厳密には】9/11 babyではない。というのはわれわれはthat terrible dayよりずっと前から彼女を望んでいたからだ。）
* condone : to approve of behavior that most people think is wrong
◇By allowing?and even *condoning?such *overt expressions of spirituality, China's leaders are finally catching up with the country's religious revolution. Even by the government's own *conservative estimate, China now has more than 200 million worshippers of all faiths, double the number just nine years ago.(TIME,May1,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
** confiscate* : to officially remove someone's possessions for legal reasons or as a punishment
◇North Korea's information revolution is rooted in economics?and in particular, its fast-rising trade with China. Last year trade volume between the two nations reached $1.4 billion?a jump of 40 percent over 2003. "People sell and buy things," as Lee puts it. "Now it's allowed. If you sold something before, they'd *confiscate it."
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
◇More and more Chinese are reacting violently to practices such as illegal *eviction, inadequate compensation and rural land *confiscation at the hands of powerful *vested interests.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
** conflagration : a situation in which there is a lot of violence or destruction
◇Only the most extreme Sunnis *espouse a philosophy of hatred toward the Shiites. But these include Al Qaeda in Iraq?and its leader, Abu Mussab al-Zarqawi. His stated plan is to "drag the Shia into the arena of *sectarian war" in the hope of *provoking an all-out *conflagration.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677916/site/newsweek/
◇If we fail to prevent an Iranian regime run by apocalyptic fanatics from going nuclear, we will have reached a point of no return. It is not just that Iran might be the source of a great *conflagration but that we will have demonstrated to the world that for those similarly inclined there is no serious *impediment.(TIME,April3,2006)
http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=21843
* conformity ：behavior that is acceptable because it is similar to the behavior of everyone else
◇Critics say the fad has more to do with Japan's culture of conformity.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE16,2003)
(批判者に言わせれば、この流行は日本のculture of conformity【迎合の文化】とより関わりがある。
* congenital : a congenital medical condition is one that a person has had since they were born
◇ A major reason for this ban is the belief that kids of first cousins are tragically *susceptible to serious *congenital illnesses.(TIME, April22,2002,p28)
*congregation : a group of people gathered together for a religious service
◇Plenty of church halls in Ireland have been funded by passing the plate around congregations in Boston and New York.
(TIME,Feb13,2006)http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901051205-1134698,00.html
* comprehensive : including many details or aspects of something
◇Now, to celebrate 25 years since "Guernica's" return, and the 125th anniversary of Picasso's birth, Spain's two national museums, the Prado and the Reina Sofia, have joined forces to present a *comprehensive new exhibit *exploring his life and work. "Picasso: Tradition and Avant-Garde" (from June 6 through Sept. 3) is spread across the two galleries and includes more than 100 works from museums around the world.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE12,2006,56)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13122862/site/newsweek/
* conservative : a conservative guess is usually less than the actual amount
◇By allowing?and even *condoning?such *overt expressions of spirituality, China's leaders are finally catching up with the country's religious revolution. Even by the government's own *conservative estimate, China now has more than 200 million worshippers of all faiths, double the number just nine years ago.(TIME,May1,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
* considerable : large in size, amount, or degree
* consolidate : to make the power, position, or achievements you already have stronger or more effective so they are likely to continue:
◇ Hu Jintao, who succeeded Jiang as Party chief and President, wants to consolidate his own power.(TIME,Sept20,2004,p30)
** conspiracy* : a secret plan by a group of people to do something bad or illegal, especially in politics:
◇The numbers of Germans French and other European who believe in a secret American *conspiracy surrounding 9/11 is a minority. But it's sizable.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT22,2003)
(9/11を巡る secret American conspiracy【陰謀】 を信じる Germans French and other Europeanの数は少ない。しかし、sizable【相当数】である。）
◇In Taiwan, President Chen Shui-bian's narrow re-election triumph in 2004, just one day after he was shot and slightly injured in an assassination attempt, has *spawned a cottage industry of conspiracy theories.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p26,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12016837/site/newsweek/
** contingency : used for describing plans or actions that help you prepare for possible bad events:
◇ NATO is on standby to supply AWACS surveillance planes and is discussing *contingency planning for the unthinkable: a chemical or biological attack on Olympic spectators.(NEWSWEEK, MARCH8,2004,p20)
◇The most serious rift between Seoul and Washington arose late last year over *contingency planning on what the U.S. and South Korea should do if the North Korean government starts to fall apart or a *disgruntled North military officer stages a coup. (TIME,MAY23,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050523-1061555,00.html
** contraband* : goods that are brought into or taken out of a country illegally:
◇The police frequently pick up Burmese refugees, illegal arm dealers or drug smugglers moving their contraband through this notorious stretch of the Golden Triangles.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE23,2003,p37)
(警察はしばしばとらえる/ Burmese refugeesあるいは illegal arm dealers や drug smugglersがcontraband【禁制品】を輸送するのを/悪名高い黄金の三角地帯を通して。）
◇For six years, South Koreans have gathered at Kakehashi, a small cafe in western Seoul, for a fix of popular contraband: Japanese culture.(NEWSWEEK,Feb9,2004,p49)(*fix = an amount of a drug that someone feels they need to take regularly)
* copycat : similar to something else and considered to be a copy of it
◇ Can it be that Japan needs Westerners at the helm to compete in the new global business environment? Not surprisingly, executives asked to comment on Ghosn's achievement tend to be *dismissive. Tadahiro Sekimoto, former president of NEC Corp., is emphatically critical: "The so-called Nissan turnaround is a product of attitudes and ways of behaving that are irreconcilable with our society and culture. *Copycat management!(TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
* covert : secret
◇There is an even more *ominous trend: According to defectors interviewed by NEWSWEEK, Pyongyang is using public executions to discourage defections. Brokers involved in moving people across the border are often the targets. Two *covertly recorded videotapes recently *smuggled out of the North show three people being shot (in two separate incidents) in the city of Hoeryong on March 1 and March 2.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p28)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
***** crackdown* : strong action that someone in authority takes to stop a particular activity:
◇ Meanwhile, the country's economic success has diverted attention from Thaksin's more controversial policies, including this year's deadly crackdown on drug dealers.(TIME,OCT27,2003,p37)
(一方、the country's economic successはThaksinのもっと物議を醸す政策から注意をそらした / そのなかには、今年のdrug dealersに対する殺人的crackdown【取締】が含まれる。）
◇that's nothing compared with the discounts he offered in the good old days, before India's recent crackdown on pirates books.(TIME,0CT6,2003,p43)
(それは、the discounts he offered in the good old daysに比べれば物の数ではない/ インドの最近の海賊本crackdown【取り締まり】以前の。）
◇It may seem like the beginning of a Chinese media crackdown.(NEWSWEEK,JULY28,2003,p21)
（それはChinese media crackdown【取り締まり】の始まりのように見えるかもしれない
◇And the murder attempts might *backfire on the militants, the official adds, goading Musharraf into a *crackdown similar to the one in Saudi Arabia, where 600 suspects were arrested after suicide bombings against foreign residential compounds in Riyadh killed 35 people last May.(TIME, Jan12,2004,p18)
◇Analysts say Hanoi's *crackdown on non-sanctioned Buddhists and Christians *stems not from godless communist dogma, but from worries about politics. "It is not a fear of religion itself," says Dr. David Koh, a fellow specializing in Vietnam at Singapore's Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. "It's a fear of the use of religion by outsiders to topple the Vietnamese government."
(TIME,JAN24,2005,p47)
◇The peasants' *plight turned into a civil-rights *cause in Beijing after an underground DVD depicting the Ansai county *crackdown began circulating in the capital.(TIME,JULY25,2005,p33)
** crack down : to start dealing with someone or something much more strictly:
crack down on: The school is cracking down on smoking.( Macmillan)
◇Beijing cracked down on the influx in 2001, and this year China has beefed up border security to what one local professor calls “an unusual, abnormal degree”.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT8,2003,p27)
(中国政府はinflux【流入】を２００１年に取り締まり/今年は国境警備を増強した/one local professorの呼ぶところによれば「普通ではなく、異常な程度に」）
◇ Even as the country welcomes new workers, it is cracking down on immigration in other ways.(NEWSWEEK, Dec15,2003,p27)
◇President Uribe is getting *credit for engineering an economic revival, powered by domestic demand, and improving the investment climate by *cracking down hard on drug cartels. (NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006,p23,That Chavez Thing Is Over)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892228/site/newsweek/
** crave* : to want something very much and in a way that is very hard to control: LONG FOR:
◇ For many Iraqis, the law will never provide the brand of swift justice they crave.(TIME,Dec1,2003,p54)
◇For China's entrepreneurial elite, the new civility push is also a business opportunity. Private etiquette schools are *proliferating to meet demand from yuppies who *crave guidance on eating, dressing and working in an international environment. At Shanghai's June Yamada Academy, students pay $900 for a multiweek course during which they dine at a five-star hotel and learn the difference between a fish knife and a butter knife. (Nov. 14, 2005, p39)
http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1126714,00.html
* credentials : documents that prove who you are or show your qualifications or status
◇ As the work force becomes ever more crowded and the number of college grads skyrockets, top educational *credentials are increasingly seen as the only sure vehicle to success.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
** credit* : to say or believe that someone is responsible for a particular achievement:
◇ Narong Fongkraew, 50, who grow rice and chilies on his small farm, credits the Village Fund with saving not just his farm but the whole community.(TIME,OCT27,2003,p38)
(Narong Fongkraewは５０歳で、rice and chilies を自分の small farmで栽培しているのだが、Village Fundのおかげでhis farm だけではなく the whole communityが救われたという。）
◇ She *credits youthful insecurity with igniting her creative energy.(NEWSWEEK,April12,2004,p50)
***credit* : praise for something you have done or achieved
◇The spending was the plan of former Communist Party chief and former President Jiang Zemin, who took *credit for Beijing's winning *bid in 2001. The Olympic projects, it was hoped, would mark China's economic growth and proclaim its arrival as a world power.(TIME,Sept20,2004,p30)
◇The U.S. government can claim very little *credit for Chile's remarkable and successful free-market revolution. But the University of Chicago?which trained most of the economists who *spearheaded those reforms in Santiago?can.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov29,2004)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6542347/site/newsweek/
◇"She could be a top-10 player, easy," says a European coach who trained with Peng in China. "But the Chinese have to be willing to let her go, and I'm not sure they'll do that. They want *credit for developing her, and they can't get that if she goes abroad."
(TIME, Jan16,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060116-1147212,00.html
◇President Uribe is getting *credit for engineering an economic revival, powered by domestic demand, and improving the investment climate by *cracking down hard on drug cartels. (NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006,p23,That Chavez Thing Is Over)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892228/site/newsweek/
* give someone credit for something: to believe that someone is good at something or has a particular good quality
◇Despite my reservations about the semi-democratic nature of Musharraf's regime, I am willing to *give him credit for these positive developments.(TIME,JULY11,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050711-1079527,00.html
* critical* :
2)**very important:
◇ Little known to the outside world, remote Ishigaki has become a *critical way station for trade between Taiwan and China.(NEWSWEEK,Mar29,2004,p40)
◇ Such *provocation notwithstanding, the surge of Japan-bashing may *stem more from domestic politics rather than any serious external threat. South Korea's Uri Party, which supports Roh, faces a *critical by-election at the end of this month?and with Korea's economy sputtering, fanning regional hatreds might help to bring out the nationalist vote. Roh may have had this strategy in mind last month when he suggested that Japan pay further *reparations to Koreans mistreated during the Japanese occupation of the Korean peninsula from 1910 to 1945, and that Tokyo must make a "genuine" apology.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
*** crony* : a friend or supporter, especially of someone powerful. This word shows that you dislike the person and their friends.
◇ Yet some *proliferation experts in the U.S. doubt that *rogue scientists and their *cronies in the security service could have arranged such supersecret, high-level deals without government approval.(TIME, Jan19,2004,p19)
◇Hwange National Park was once a major employer in a country that attracted about 1 million visitors a year. But that was before President Robert Mugabe began forcibly *expropriating thousands of white-owned farms, replacing their owners with *cronies and Zimbabwean civil-war veterans. (NEWSWEEK,Dec. 5, 2005 issue)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10218889/site/newsweek/
◇Suharto was a brutal tyrant as well as a reformer?and his 32-year rule (from 1966 to 1998) was marked not just by economic progress but by corruption on an epic scale, much of it thought to have been carried out by his children and various cronies. (NEWSWEEK,May29,2006,p28)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892028/site/newsweek/
* cronyism* : the practice of giving jobs and other advantages to friends, especially in politics
◇Younger managers with a more Western mind-set quickly replaced bosses who were more accustomed to cronyism than accounting.(NEWSWEEK,AUG4,2003,p27)
(Western mind-set を持った若い管理職は、会計学よりcronyism【友人びいき】に馴染んだ上役に素早くとって代わった。）
* cull : to kill animals deliberately, especially in order to stop the population from becoming too large
◇Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra has pledged to *wipe out bird flu in the country by the end of October, and last week *enlisted more than 900,000 volunteers to *cull sick chickens and do spot checks on potential new outbreaks.
(TIME,Oct11,2004,p25)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041011-709153,00.html
* culprit(2005年1級第1回)* : the cause of something bad happening:
※ They point to studies showing that shift workers have higher rates of breast cancer than women who sleep nomal hours. The possible culprits are the hormones melatoninn and cortisol.(TIME,OCT27,2003,p52)
(彼らは研究を指摘する/ それは交代勤務労働者がbreast cancerになる率が、women who sleep nomal hoursより高いことを示している。考えられるculprit【原因】は、melatoninn それからcortisolというホルモンだ。
** curb* : to control or limit something that is harmful:
◇ The plan aimed to enhance security against terrorist *infiltrations, but will have little effect in *curbing attacks deep inside the occupied territories.(NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2003,p34)
◇While the U.S. and Afghan governments have announced measures to *curb poppy cultivation, a visit to Helmand reveals how challenging such a campaign would be.
（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
** curfew* : a law that does not allow people to go outside between a particular time in the evening and a particular time in the morning
◇Crime scholars caution that no one knows why some crimes fall while others *spike. Community policing, *curfews for bars and bright street lights are still indispensable. Yet even the most *hidebound cop knows that the old ways aren't enough.(NEWSWEEK,April 24, 2006,p44)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12334548/site/newsweek/
◇Indeed, on Saturday more than 100,000 people *defied a *curfew and marched on to the palace, the biggest crowd ever. The protesters quickly dispersed when it rained, but there was no denying their rage.(TIME,MAY1,2006,p18)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186607,00.html
* curry favor (with someone) : to try to make someone like you or give you something:
◇Far from being just, these critics argued, Mother Teresa curried favor with corrupt tyrants.(NEWSWEEK, OCT20,2003,p33)
（事実とはかけ離れているが、これらの批判者たちは主張する/ マザーテレサが腐敗した暴君の歓心を買っていたと）
**** curtail* : to reduce or limit something, especially something good:
◇ In April 2000, China specifically outlawed e-waste importation. But occasional crackdowns have done little to *curtail recycling, which thrives on corruption and strong market demand. (TIME,Mar11,2002,p39)
◇Beijing's authority, however, has been less effective in curtailing the animal markets where the virus is thought to have originated.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT22,2003)
(中国当局はしかしながら、実効を上げていない/animal marketsをcurtail【縮小】するに関して/そこがウイルスの出所と思われている。）
◇Under a reform blueprint announced last month, the agency's domestic-spying operations will be curtailed and its anticommunist bureau abolished.(TIME,JUNE16,2003)
(先月発表されたreform blueprintのもとで、その機関の国内スパイ活動はcurtail【縮小】され、その反共部門は廃止される。）
◇Even usually *stalwart Japanese business interests in China are *spooked by the vitriol: Honda, the first Japanese carmaker to produce autos in China, announced it would *curtail business trips to the mainland for safety reasons.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
** custody* :
1)a situation in which someone is kept in prison until they go to court for trial:
◇ According to the plan, the *tribunals will first try the key 45 Baathist leaders in *custody, then move on to *rank-and-file regime loyalists accused of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity.(TIME,Dec1,2003,p54)
2)the legal right to take care of a child:
◇British fathers are increasingly fed up with a system that they see as favoring mothers during *custody battles.(NEWSWEEK,Aug2,2004,p27)
** cutting-edge : extremely modern and advanced:
◇ Similar *cutting-edge work is being done in countries like China and Israel, also with *lax rules.(NEWSWEEK,Mar1,2004,p45)
◇In August, the massive 57,000-metric-ton Chikyu ("Earth"), a *cutting-edge deep-sea drilling vessel, left Nagasaki on a test run.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p57)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191047/site/newsweek
** dampen* : to make something such as a feeling or hope less strong:
◇ Yet the blows so far have done nothing to *dampen the fury on the other side. “The Israelis are hiding inside their tanks,” says one Hamas militant, wearing a camouflage jacket stuffed with cartridges. “But we have proven that we can kill any Israeli soldier anywhere.”
(NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2004,p34)
◇Household debts have almost doubled since 2000 to $450 billion, with more than half those debts coming from mortgage loans, restraining consumption and *dampening economic growth.
(NEWSWEEK,July 25-Aug.2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8598732/site/newsweek/
* dangle : to offer someone something attractive as a way of persuading them to do something:
◇Promises of increased foreign investment and the *resumption of international loans were *dangled in exchange for much-needed economic reforms. (NEWSWEEK,Mar21,2005,p22)
** daunting* : something that is daunting makes you worried because you think it will be very difficult or dangerous to do:
◇ But now, a year after winning its freedom, this tiny nation faces a slew of daunting challenges, from constructing a viable economy to repairing lives ravaged by more than 20 years of violence and misery.(TIME,JUNE2,2003,p20)
(しかしいま、freedomを獲得して一年、this tiny nationはたくさんのdaunting【気の遠くなるような】難問に直面している/ viable【持ちこたえられる】経済を建設することから、２０年以上に及ぶ暴力と貧困に破壊された生活を再建することまで。）
◇The ship faces a *daunting task. Over the past few decades, scientists have managed to dig only 2,111 meters into the earth from the ocean floor?a mere scratch, *given that the distance to the earth's core is about 6,400 kilometers.(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p57)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191047/site/newsweek
* dazzle : to impress someone a lot, for example, with your beauty, intelligence, or skill
* debacle : something that fails completely in an embarrassing way
◇He had long maintained that other officials in Heilongjiang had set him up after he discovered their connection to the bomb-shelter *debacle.(TIME,Jan19,2004,p20)
* decree* : an official decision or order made by a leader or government
* decree* : if a leader or government decrees something, they officially decide or order it
◇Chiang also sought a reform of personal conduct with his New Life movement, which tried to outlaw spitting, smoking and other bad behavior-just like the authorities last month *decreeing a Public Morality Day.(TIME,OCT27,2003,p56)
(蒋介石もpersonal conductの改革をNew Life movementによって求めた/ それはspitting, smoking and other bad behaviorを非合法化しようとするものであった// ちょうど先月当局がPublic Morality Dayをdecree【布告】したように。）
◇In January, Hanoi abruptly *decreed that the minimum wage paid at foreign-owned factories would rise by 40%, a move designed to end mass strikes by garment workers in the south.
(TIME, MAY1,2006,p36)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186604,00.html
*** decry* : to say publicly that you do not approve of someone or something
◇He recently *decried "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than trying to "nurture good students.(NEWSWEEK,July 4,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8358312/site/newsweek/
◇City leaders have *decried contractors who hire out-of-state laborers rather than locals. Addressing a business forum in October, Nagin put the issue *bluntly: "How do I ensure that New Orleans is not overrun by Mexican workers?" After civil-rights groups *denounced him, he clarified that he had meant only that residents should be hired first.
(NEWSWEEK,Dec262005,Jan22006,p44)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10218343/site/newsweek/from/RSS/
◇Now, however, many Afghans, including many ethnic Pashtuns, *decry his cautious governing style. They blame his timidity for allowing corruption to flourish once again in Kabul, and for doing little to stop the nationwide drug trade. (NEWSWEEK,p28,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
*dedicate : to say at an official ceremony that a new building will have a special connection with a particular person as a sign of admiration or respect for them
◇ The world's stem-cell hub at Seoul National University Hospital seemed like the epicenter of global biotechnology when it was dedicated last October. (NEWSWEEK, Jan. 9, 2005 )
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10682397/site/newsweek/
* by default : if something happens by default, it happens only because someone does not do something else
◇ "There is no mechanism in place to create a new government," says Ohashi. "The Maoists could walk into Kathmandu by default." At the very least, says the friend of the royals, "Autocracy would switch to anarchy."
(TIME,May1,2006,p19)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186607,00.html
*deference* : behavior that shows you respect someone and are willing to accept their opinions or decisions
◇Preceding the Gulf storm, the Bush administration blocked the sale of the morning-after pill, chiefly in *deference to the Christian right. (NEWSWEEK,Sept. 19, 2005 )
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9287444/site/newsweek/
* defiant* : refusing to obey a person or rule
◇ It might look as if history were repeating itself: just as in the 1970s, ' 80s and '90s, *defiant protesters have taken to Bangkok's streets in a *bid to oust a Thai leader they revile. Yet this time their *nemesis isn't a *swaggering general who seized power in a coup, but a populist prime minister who won re-election in a landslide barely a year ago.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p26,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12016837/site/newsweek/
** defy* :to refuse to obey someone or something: DISOBEY
◇As the Nazi war machine steamrolled across Europe in 1940, thousands of Jews sought refuge in the Lithuanian capital of Kaunas, where Sugihara was Japan's vice-consul. *Defying orders from Tokyo not to get involved in the refugees' *plight, Sugihara wrote illegal visas for 2,000 families, enabling them to escape from the Nazis.
(TIME,Jan6,2003,↓おすすめ記事）
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501030113-404316,00.html
◇Indeed, on Saturday more than 100,000 people *defied a *curfew and marched on to the palace, the biggest crowd ever. The protesters quickly *dispersed when it rained, but there was no denying their rage.(TIME,MAY1,2006,p18)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186607,00.html
* defy : to happen in a way that is different from what usually happens or what you expect:
◇ If you don't think idealists get things done, meet Dr. Jim Yong Kim. The 44-year-old Harvard physician has spent the past two decades *launching improbable health *initiatives in poor countries?and *defying predictions of failure. (NEWSWEEK, Dec272003/Jan52004, p72)
* defy someone to do something : to tell someone to prove that something is possible by doing it:
I defy you to produce one shred of evidence.(Macmillan)
** demise : the time when something stops existing:
◇ Nevertheless, Wang's *demise startled the banking community because of his track record as one of the driving forces behind modernization, and because of his ties to high-ranking government officials.(TIME,Jan28,2002,p29)
◇As the country tackles the negative side effects of two decades of *unfettered economic growth?most notably a growing urban-rural income divide and *burgeoning social unrest?Beijing's leaders are looking to soothe the masses by filling a spiritual vacuum left by the *demise of Marxist ideology.(Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
* dent : to have a bad effect on something:
◇Though unemployment and less overtime have temporarily *dented incomes, the basic trend is up. (NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p45)
** denounce* ： to criticize someone or something severely in public:
◇Perhaps that explains, in Germany at least, why mainstream journalists and politicians have been quick to denounce the crackpot.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT22,2003)
(おそらくそれは説明するであろう、/ なぜ少なくともドイツでは, mainstream journalistsが素早かったか/crackpot【馬鹿ども】をdenounceするのに）
◇City leaders have *decried contractors who hire out-of-state laborers rather than locals. Addressing a business forum in October, Nagin put the issue *bluntly: "How do I ensure that New Orleans is not overrun by Mexican workers?" After civil-rights groups *denounced him, he clarified that he had meant only that residents should be hired first.
(NEWSWEEK,Dec262005,Jan22006,p44)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10218343/site/newsweek/from/RSS/
* deploy* : if a government or army deploys soldiers or weapons, it uses them:
◇ At present more than 100 million land mines are *deployed in 90 countries, and they kill or *maim 40 to 55 people per day on average, according to Red Cross and RAND Corporation estimates.(NEWSWEEK, Jan12, 2004)
** deport* : to send someone out of a country, usually because they do not have a legal right to be there
◇With the authorities threatening arrest and deportation for suspicious foreign nationals, Muslim women are even more hesitant to report abuse than usual.(NEWSWEEK,AUG4,2003,p33)
(当局がsuspicious foreign nationalsに対してarrest とdeportation【国外追放】の脅しをかけているため、Muslim womenは普段にまして虐待の通報をためらう。）
◇While previous Bible couriers have been *deported for their secret work, Lai could face the death penalty for smuggling “cult publication”.(TIME,JANU21,2002,p28)
(以前の聖書の運び屋はsecret workのためdeport【国外退去】になっていたが、Laiは「カルト出版物をsmuggling【密輸】したかどで死刑になるおそれがある。）
◇Sarkozy plans to introduce highly selective immigration, testing for the "*assimilability" of those it admits. A new "contract of welcome and integration" *stipulates learning French and looking for a job in return for 10-year residence permits and discrimination protections. Immigrants failing to respect basic Western values face *deportation.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar6,2006)http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
* deportation* : a situation in which someone is deported from a country
◇Fearing *deportation, he later made his way to the wilderness of northern Sinai. Alone and out of options, he paid a Bedouin $50 to *smuggle him across the border to Israel. "I didn't know where else to go," Adom told NEWSWEEK. "I thought if I told them I was from Darfur, they'd help me."(NEWSWEEK,May29,p26)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12891908/site/newsweek/
*** deride* : to criticize someone or something by suggesting that they are stupid, unimportant, or useless
◇The Communist Party traces the fall of the Soviet Union to Poland's legalization of the Solidarity labor union, and leaders still *deride worker movements as "the Polish disease."
(TIME,April1,2002,p26)
◇ In his novel "Cakes and Ale," Somerset Maugham *derided the celebrated American *expatriate Henry James for focusing his writings on upper-class life in Europe in the early 20th century. (NEWSWEEK,Oct25,2004,p13)
◇Not all that long ago, the courageous few who dared to expose company cover-ups could count on being *derided as mikkokusha?"snitches"?with no regard for collective harmony. (NEWSWEEK,Nov8,2004,p22)
* deserted : a deserted place has no people in it:
◇ Many villages in Nepal's far western region stand *deserted owing to Maoist threats of violence and forced *enlistment, as well as the lack of a reliable food supply.(NEWSWEEK,Nov22,2004,p43)
* despot : someone who has a lot of power and uses it in a cruel and unreasonable way: TYRANT
* despotic : using power in a cruel and unreasonable way: TYRANNICAL
* destitute*(2004年1級第1回) : with no money or possessions
◇ The Xues might have been destitute, but they achieved something their village viewed with awe. (NEWSWEEK,Aug2,2004,p32)
* deter* : to make someone decide not to do something
*** deteriorate* : to become worse:
◇ With fewer people and a lot less money, the provinces are *deteriorating rapidly; rural areas are filled with deserted houses. (NEWSWEEK,Feb23,2004,p29)
◇Since he became prime minister five years ago, Koizumi has made an annual visit to Yasukuni, the Shinto war memorial in downtown Tokyo that memorializes the souls of 2.47 million Japanese war dead, including 14 Class A war criminals executed by the victorious Allied powers after World War II. Koizumi's visits are galling to China and South Korea (both occupied by Japan during the war), and as a result, relations between those powerful neighbors and Japan have *deteriorated in recent years.
(NEWSWEEK,Feb6,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11080282/site/newsweek/
◇Since then, the war in Iraq, friction over illegal immigration, violence along the U.S.-Mexico border and a lack of *compliance on trade agreements have resulted in a marked *deterioration in U.S. relations with its neighbors.(NEWSWEEK,March 27, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11904430/site/newsweek/
* detain* : to keep someone in a POLICE STATION or prison and not allow them to leave:
◇Several hundred intelligence officers were also *detained throughout the country, and businesses under military-intelligence control, including the *lucrative black markets on the borders, have been shuttered or taken over by the junta. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
* detonate : to explode or make something such as a bomb explode
◇ Such Koreans don't think that their northern cousins would detonate nuclear weapons on their own kins.(TIME,JAN13,2003)
（Such Koreansは考えない / their northern cousins が血族に 向けてnuclear weapons を爆発させるとは。）
** devastate* : to seriously damage or completely destroy something
◇Smallpox kills a third of its victims. If this epidemic were to take hold, it could *devastate America as a functioning society.
(TIME Dec23,2002,p72, http://www.vaclib.org/news/poxnews1202a.htm#mandatory←おすすめ記事)
◇The global exchange of plant and animal species is a two-edged sword. It can *replenish the world food supply (the Andean potato) or *devastate a habitat (the Indian mongoose, which killed off 12 bird species in Hawaii and the West Indies). (NEWSWEEK,Aug23,2004,p49)
* devastating* : causing a lot of harm or damage
◇The Chikyu may also *shed light on events like the *devastating tsunami that struck off the coast of Sumatra in December 2004.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p57)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191047/site/newsweek
*devastation* : damage or destruction affecting a large area or a lot of people
◇The scale of the *devastation is disputed. According to environmental activists, 250 elephants and hundreds of other animals have died from starvation, thirst and blackleg?an infectious disease caused by unusually arid conditions and stress?over the past two months. Zimbabwe's minister of Tourism, Francis Nehma, acknowledges a problem in Hwange, but says that only 40 elephants and 53 buffalo have died. Virtually everyone agrees that more needs to be done to *stave off a larger catastrophe. (NEWSWEEK,Dec. 5, 2005 issue)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10218889/site/newsweek/
*** devout : very religious*:
◇They are devout Muslims in the same city.（TIME,SEPT29,2003)
（彼女たちはsame cityのdevout Muslimだ）
◇China's devout are learning that Bibles can bring big troubles.（TIME,JANU21,2002,p28)
（中国のdevout【信心深い人々】はバイブルがbig troublesをもたらし得ることを学びつつある）
◇ To devout Muslims?including fundamentalists?scarves, veils or burqas for women are an obligation under God. (NEWSWEEK,Jan13,2004)
* dexterity : great skill in using your hands or your mind
◇ Byer says the operation strengthened his weak voice and revived some hand dexterity.(TIME,Aug23,2004,p31)
*dilapidated : a dilapidated building, vehicle, or system is old and in bad condition
◇Pir Mahmad, an officer in the Afghan national police, was on his way to Sangin, in southwestern Afghanistan, last month when he found himself fighting for his life. He was traveling in a police convoy of five *dilapidated pickup trucks armed with a modest arsenal of rocket launchers and AK-47s.（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
** dilute* : to make something less strong or effective
◇But as China *diluted its socialist purity by *embracing economic reforms, religious controls began easing as well. The skylines of Chinese towns now teem with temples, shrines and churches. (Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
◇With an April by-election *looming, voters still don't know where the party stands on important issues?nor do many of its members. That's because efforts to forge internal consensus among *diverse factions have left the DPJ manifesto vague and *diluted.(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
** dire : very severe or serious:
◇The situation is also *dire in West Bengal and Kerala, where communist governments have increased the *literacy rate but fostered strong labor unions that have *stifled employment growth.(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p22)
◇ But for smaller developing countries that depend heavily upon textile manufacturing for jobs, the end of quotas could be a *dire economic blow. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p36)
* discipline : a subject that people study, especially at a university:
◇ Although the late Mao Zeodong maligned psychiatry as a bourgeois discipline, the current government will have to pour more money into the field if they want to recitify a growing imbalance: psychiatric ailments that account for one fifth of China's public-health burden now receive only 2 percent of the health budget.(NEWSWEEK,Nov24,2003,p33)
* discreet : careful not to say anything that is secret or that could upset someone
◇In dealing with the delicate issue of Taiwan, most governments follow the American model. They vow at regular intervals that they recognize only One China?the People's Republic?but then send diplomatic personnel to Taipei (under commercial cover), trade with the Un-China, and maintain *discreet official contact.(TIME,Feb. 27, 2005)
*disenfranchise : to no longer allow someone to have the right to vote
◇The voter-registration period ended last December, two months before Mubarak kicked off the multiparty election process, and as many as 15 million *eligible voters have found themselves *disenfranchised.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p35)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191048/site/newsweek/
* disgrace : to harm the reputation of a person or group by doing something bad or immoral:
◇A disgraced city official plunges to his death. Did he jump, or was he pushed?(TIME,Feb9,2004,p37)
**** disgruntled*(2005年1級第2回) : disappointed and annoyed about something
◇ In Hatolia town, locals tell of being robbed at night by a gang led by a disgruntled Falintil veteran.(TIME,JUNE2,2003,p20)
(Hatolia townで、地元民は言う / disgruntled 【不満を持つ】Falintilの退役軍人に率いられるギャングに、夜強奪されたと。）
◇These disgruntled MDP lawmakers remain loyal to former president Kim Dae Jung.(NEWSWEEK,OCT6,2003)
（これらの不満を持つMDPの国会議員は、金大中前大統領に忠実なままでいる）
◇The labor shortage has given button-sewers and shoe-stitchers a bit of *bargaining power for the first time. Factory owners cannot replace *disgruntled employees as easily as they once could
(TIME,JAN31,2005,p39)
◇The most serious rift between Seoul and Washington arose late last year over *contingency planning on what the U.S. and South Korea should do if the North Korean government starts to fall apart or a *disgruntled North military officer stages a coup. (TIME,MAY23,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050523-1061555,00.html
* dismissive : reacting to something in a way that shows you do not think it is worth paying attention to
◇ Can it be that Japan needs Westerners at the helm to compete in the new global business environment? Not surprisingly, executives asked to comment on Ghosn's achievement tend to be *dismissive. Tadahiro Sekimoto, former president of NEC Corp., is emphatically critical: "The so-called Nissan turnaround is a product of attitudes and ways of behaving that are irreconcilable with our society and culture. *Copycat management!(TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
***** disparity* : a difference between things:
◇ In the past five years, the gap between rich and poor in China has grown so fast that the country now ranks among the worst in Asia when it comes to income disparity.(NEWSWEEK,Aug2,2004,p32)
◇The new affluence is pro-ducing wider income-gap *disparities, but so far the world's oldest democracy hasn't lost its *egalitarian character. "It's like the American Dream," says Lilja Mosesdottir of the Bifrost School of Business. "Everyone still believes that they can make it."
(NEWSWEEK,May23,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7856487/site/newsweek/
◇This increasingly distinct divide between rich and poor is so vivid in the national consciousness that it has been given a name: kakusa shakai (a society of *disparity).
(TIME,JULY18,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050718-1081429,00.html
◇Income *disparities are common everywhere in this age of globalization. But the speed and scope of the trend in South Korea has alarmed some economists. (NEWSWEEK,Jan. 23, 2006 issue )http://207.46.150.50/id/10854742/site/newsweek/
◇"The income gap between the United States and Mexico is the largest between any two contiguous countries in the world," writes Stanford historian David Kennedy. That huge *disparity is producing massive demand in the United States and massive supply from Mexico and Central America.
(NEWSWEEK,April10/17,2006,p21)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12114153/site/newsweek/
* dispatch* : to send someone or something somewhere:
◇Koizumi seized the opportunity provided by the 9/11 terrorists attack to win Diet approval for the first dispatch since 1995 of Japanese warships out of the seas surrounding Japan.(TIME,SEPT22,2003)
※ここでは名詞
（ 小泉はthe opportunity provided by the 9/11 terrorists attackに飛びついた/ Diet approvalを得るために/ 日本の軍艦を1995年以来初めて周辺海域の外にdispatchするという。）
* disperse : if a crowd of people disperses, or someone disperses it, the people separate and go in different directions
◇Indeed, on Saturday more than 100,000 people *defied a *curfew and marched on to the palace, the biggest crowd ever. The protesters quickly *dispersed when it rained, but there was no denying their rage.(TIME,MAY1,2006,p18)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186607,00.html
** diverse : very different from each other
◇With an April by-election *looming, voters still don't know where the party stands on important issues?nor do many of its members. That's because efforts to forge internal consensus among *diverse factions have left the DPJ manifesto vague and *diluted.(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
◇At Tokyo University, which has traditionally educated an economically *diverse population, nearly half the parents of undergraduates now have incomes higher than $82,500 (well above the national average of about $57,500 for men in their 50s).(NEWSWEEK,Aug21,28,p44)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14320419/site/newsweek/
**** diversify* : BUSINESS to develop new products or activities in addition to the ones you already provide or do
◇ Unlike many oil states, Mexico has a relatively *diversified economy?only 10 percent of its exports come from oil.(NEWSWEEK,Nov8,2004,p42)
◇ Chavez's interest in *diversifying Venezuela's oil-export markets *dovetails with his long-term strategy to promote a "multi-polar" balance of power among nations as a counterweight to U.S. supremacy. (NEWSWEEK,Feb14,2005,p34,)
◇Dubai is successfully *diversifying beyond oil in part because its own small reserves are *dwindling. (NEWSWEEK,Mar13,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11675823/site/newsweek/
◇North or south, there appears to be plenty of business to go around. While the world debates whether China or India will become the economic leader of the developing world, Vietnam is seen as an opportunity for companies to *diversify their manufacturing base. (TIME, MAY1,2006,p36)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186604,00.html
* diversification : the process of developing new products or business activities:
◇*Diversification and increased productivity are what ITC is promoting with its computer program, which seeks to increase farmers' yields, raise their income and boost their confidence to try their hands at more lucrative crops.(NEWSWEEK,Mer14, 2005, p42)
* divert :
1)to do something to take people's attention away from something that you do not want them to concentrate on or notice:
◇ Meanwhile, the country's economic success has diverted attention from Thaksin's more controversial policies, including this year's deadly crackdown on drug dealers.(TIME,OCT27,2003,p37)
(一方、the country's economic successはThaksinのもっと物議を醸す政策から注意をそらした / そのなかには、今年のdrug dealersに対する殺人的crackdown【取締】が含まれる。）
2)to make something move or travel in a different direction:
◇ Spain last year ditched ambitious plans to *divert the River Ebro to drought-*prone plains of the south and opted instead to build several new desalination plants. .(NEWSWEEK,Mar7,2005,p46)
◇We had arranged visas to the U.S. for them from Rio, but they needed help getting on an evacuation flight. On April 29, I boarded an Air Vietnam 707 in Bangkok bound for Saigon. But Tan Son Nhut airport had fallen overnight, and after circling over the Mekong Delta, the flight was *diverted to Hong Kong.(TIME,MAY2,2005,p56)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050502-1053696,00.html
* diversion :
1)[count] FORMAL an activity that you do for fun:
◇ The findings suggest that a woman's social network is more than just a diversion : it's basic to the survival of the species.(NEWSWEEK,NOV24,2003,p48)
(その発見は示唆する / woman's social networkはdiversion【気晴らし】以上のもので、種の存続の基本である。）
2) [count] a DETOUR
◇ *Diversion to Ishigaki costs the average vessel $4,500 in tonnage dues and *commissions paid to one of the local shipping agencies, *netting Japan about $18 million a year in fees.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar29,2004,p40)
** diversity* : the fact that very different people or things exist within a group or place:
◇ The Polish countryside, she says, has maintained the kind of natural *diversity that's been sacrificed to the interests of agribusiness elsewhere in Europe. Wolves and bears still *roam the patch of primeval forest on the country's eastern borders.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE7/JULY14,2004,p22)
◇President George W. Bush has won *plaudits for the *diversity of his cabinet officials, most notably when he promoted Condoleezza Rice, an African-American woman, to secretary of State in his second term. (NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,True Teamwork)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693300/site/newsweek/
* dividend* : a share of the profits of a company, paid once or twice a year to the people who own the company's STOCK
* peace dividend : the money that is saved on weapons and is available for other purposes, when a government reduces its military strength because the risk of war has been reduced(L)
◇ There is a perceptible demand for a better life and the rewards of a peace *dividend. (TIME,Jan19,2004,p17)
* dominant* : more important, powerful, or successful than the other people or things of the same type:
◇ This week's APEC Leader's Summit in Bungkok has provided the perfect stage for Tkaksin to flaunt his success and build his growing reputation as the most dominant leader in the region(TIME,OCT27,2003,p37)
(今週の APEC Leader's Summit in BungkokはTkaksinに完璧な舞台を与えた / 彼の成功をflaunt【誇示】し、地域で最もdominant【卓越した】リーダーとしてのgrowing reputationを築くための。）
** dormant* : something that is dormant is not active or developing now, but it may become active or develop in the future:
◇Although the program went dormant after Mao's death several years later, his successor Deng Xiaoping revived it in the mid-1980s as part of his modernization program.(NEWSWEEK,OCT27,2003,p31)
(数年後の毛が死去してからその計画はdormant【休止状態】だったが、彼の後継者のｹ小平はhis modernization programの一環として８０年代中期に復活させた。）
◇Ironically, Suharto's latest health *woes?and the chance that he might die before being held accountable?have given new life to the debate over prosecuting him. Earlier this month, Attorney General Abdul Rahman Saleh announced that he was considering reopening the *dormant corruption case against Suharto. (NEWSWEEK,May29,2006,p29)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892028/site/newsweek/page/2/
** dovetail : to fit together or work together well
◇Since President Hu Jintao and Prime Minister Wen Jiabao took over the reins of government in 2003, they've sought to *bolster their popular support by appearing to tackle such quality-of-life problems. Doing so also *dovetails with another of their priorities, throttling back the racing economy.(NEWSWEEK, Feb14, 2005,p28)
◇ Chavez's interest in *diversifying Venezuela's oil-export markets *dovetails with his long-term strategy to promote a "multi-polar" balance of power among nations as a counterweight to U.S. supremacy. (NEWSWEEK,Feb14,2005,p35)
* drag on : to continue for longer than you want or think is necessary:
◇ Jang's friends worry that his shadowy, *limbo existance could drag on *indefinitely.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p39)
* drawback : a feature of something that makes it less useful than it could be
◇The advantage and *drawback of democracies are that, in the middle of wars, we get to have a bloody, impassioned, rhetorically charged, knockdown bare-knuckled fight over who will run the country. We get to *lambaste a President, his military failures, his *rationale for fighting, his domestic policies and any number of other things.(TIME,Nov15,2004)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1101041115-750785,00.html
*** dwarf* : to make something seem small or unimportant:
◇ A new report from Morgan Stanley says *surging household debts now account for 117 percent of income and nearly 75 percent of GNP, "levels that *dwarf even mature economies" like the United States and the United Kingdom. (NEWSWEEK, MAR8,2004,p38)
◇Differences between boys and girls, says Sadker, are *dwarfed by brain differences within each gender. "If you want to make schools a better place," says Sadker, "you have to strive to see kids as individuals."
(Sept. 19, 2005 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285515/site/newsweek/
◇ Even Pakistan's *nascent technology sector?*dwarfed by India's?seems to be taking off. Salim Ghauri, the CEO of Lahore-based NetSol Technologies, says his company's software revenues this year are expected to jump to $19 million, compared with last year's $11 million.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/page/2/
***dwindle* : to become gradually less or smaller over a period of time until almost nothing remains
◇Yet despite the current boom, the number of people who see gold as a sound investment may be *dwindling. (TIME,Jan16,2006,p39)
◇Dubai is successfully *diversifying beyond oil in part because its own small reserves are *dwindling. (NEWSWEEK,Mar13,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11675823/site/newsweek/
◇Though India remains the world's last significant sanctuary for wild tigers, the numbers there are dwindling fast. The country's wild tiger population has dropped from about 100,000 in the 19th century to as few as 1,200 to 1,800 today. (TIME,2006,Aug7/14,p24)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060807-1220445,00.html
*** earmark* : to decide to use something, especially money, for a particular purpose
◇Iraq's oil revenues were supposed to be managed well, going into a specially *earmarked development fund rather than used to finance general government activities.
(NEWSWEEK,FEB7,2005)
◇ The new budget has *earmarked nearly $2 billion for rural development, mostly to improve roads and bridges in the countryside, and some $1 billion for *irrigation schemes. (NEWSWEEK,2005,Mar14,p43)
◇Tensions have worsened as a result of South Korea's opposition to the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 passed by the U.S. Congress. The law *earmarks the spending of $24 million a year to improve human rights in the repressive country. But many South Koreans, including lawmakers in the Uri Party, which supports Roh, see the legislation as an attempt to destabilize North Korea?which happens to be exactly the way Pyongyang reads the law. Seoul's decision in April to *abstain from a vote on the North's human-rights record at the U.N. Commission on Human Rights in Geneva didn't help, either. (TIME,MAY23,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050523-1061555,00.html
** eclipse(2004年1級第2回) : to make someone or something seem less successful or important, by becoming more successful or important than they are
◇If the population of Bombay continues to double every 10 years, it will *eclipse that of Italy by the year 2015, says Mehta. (TIME,Oct11,2004,p72)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041011-709151,00.html
◇Barry Bonds is a contact hitter who seems on his way to *eclipsing Hank Aaron's career home-run record of 755. But it is Bonds' confirmed contact with illegal steroids that sent runners into motion last week to confront the biggest drug scandal in baseball history.
(TIME,Dec13,2004,p40)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1009677,00.html
* effigy : a model of someone, especially one destroyed in a protest against them
◇Adding to the sense of a nation in flames, past weeks have seen students demanding a republic by setting fires, torching *effigies of the King and smashing car and shop windows in Kathmandu.
(TIME,Feb2,2004,p15)
***egalitarian* : supporting a social system in which everyone has equal status and the same money and opportunities
◇Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is *foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformly *mediocre?the result of an *egalitarian government education policy.(NEWSWEEK,July 4,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8358312/site/newsweek/
◇The new affluence is pro-ducing wider income-gap *disparities, but so far the world's oldest democracy hasn't lost its *egalitarian character. "It's like the American Dream," says Lilja Mosesdottir of the Bifrost School of Business. "Everyone still believes that they can make it."
(NEWSWEEK,May23,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7856487/site/newsweek/
◇Although the distribution of wealth is far from *egalitarian--the rich are getting a lot richer, corruption is *endemic, and millions continue to struggle--the good life is in reach for more Russians than ever before.
(TIME,MAY15,2006,p31)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1191848,00.html
* elasticity : the ability to change when the situation changes:
◇ Unemployment has been at historic lows in recent years, so there's very little *elasticity in the labor market. That adds up to ample opportunities for immigrants prepared to do *manual labor and *menial jobs.(NEWSWEEK,Dec15,2003,p26)
* electorate ： all the people who are allowed to vote in an election:
◇In democracies, incumbents face the electorate with no choice but to defend their record.
(TIME,SEPT22,2003)
（民主主義において、incumbent【現職】がelectorate【選挙民】に向かい合うにあたってはtheir recordをdefendするchoiceしかない。）
** eligible* : allowed by rules or laws to do something or receive something:
◇Rios Montt wasn't even eligible for the presidency until the Supreme Court effectively gutted a law last summer banning the candidacy of anyone involved in a former coup.(NEWSWEEK,NOV17,2003,p32)
（Rios Monttは大統領選に立候補する資格すらなかった/Supreme Courtが去る夏に、かつてのクーデターに関与した者の立候補を禁止する法を事実上骨抜きにするまでは)
◇The voter-registration period ended last December, two months before Mubarak kicked off the multiparty election process, and as many as 15 million *eligible voters have found themselves *disenfranchised.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p35)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191048/site/newsweek/
** eliminate* : to get rid of something that is not wanted or needed:
◇ The privatization plan is still being debated, but one core idea is to *eliminate the government guarantee on Japan Post banking deposits, which could send consumers rushing to private banks with their money.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p36)
◇Chinese authorities are scrambling to *alleviate rural poverty?and have made it Beijing's top priority. The government has said it will *eliminate agricultural taxes, improve rural health care, and provide free primary-school education.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
* elude : to manage to escape or hide from someone or something: ESCAPE:
◇ Just 11 days earlier, Musharraf *eluded a similar attack when a bridge near his residence blew up seconds after his car crossed it. (TIME, Jan12,2004,p17)
** elusive* : an elusive person or animal is difficult or impossible to find or catch:
◇An *elusive performance-enhancing drug triggers a scandal ? and concerns over next year's Olympics.(TIME,NOV3,2003)
（発覚しにくい競技能力向上薬は引き起こす/ scanndalと来年のオリンピックに向けての懸念を）
◇They noted that the Nu, which begins as a glacial stream high on the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the last undeveloped rivers in Asia and winds through one of the world's biological hot spots?a habitat for 7,000 species of plants and rare animals, including *elusive snow leopards.
(NEWSWEEK,Feb14,2005,p29)
* embed(2004年1級第3回) ： to fix something firmly in a surface or object:
◇They rely on thousands of sensors imbedded in the asphalt.(NEWSWEEK,OCT20,2003)
(それらは、アスファルトに埋め込まれた何千というセンサーに依拠する）
* embobiment : something or someone that is the best possible example of a particular quality, especially a good one:
◇ Nanbei street, a ragged strip of asphalt not far from the south bank of the Yellow River, used to be the *embodiment of China's racial harmony.(TIME,Nov15,2004,p61)
* embody* : to be the best possible example of a particular idea, quality, or principle:
◇That scene embodies the traits that make Lee one of Koera's most provocative directors.(NEWSWEEK,OCT28,2002,p62)
(そのシーンは、 Leeを韓国で最もprovocative【挑発的な】監督のひとりにするtrait【特色】をembody【具現】する。）
*** embolden* : to give someone more confidence to do something
◇Emboldened by its new equipment and international support, the Nepalese army claims to be winning the fight.(TIME,Feb2,2004,p15)
◇Israeli Army is determined not to repeat the experience of the withdrawal from Lebanon, which many Israelis believe *emboldened hard-line Palestinians. So it has been engaged in aggressive operations in Gaza, striking any and all targets it views as suspicious.(NEWSWEEK,JULY19,2004)
◇*Emboldened Taliban members are increasingly visible in villages, preaching in mosques in hopes of taking advantage of peasants' frustrations. A Taliban spokesman *boasted to NEWSWEEK last week that the *insurgents are getting more weapons, more recruits and that "any fear the people may have had of helping the Taliban has vanished."(NEWSWEEK,p28,2006) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
**** embrace* : FORMAL to completely accept something such as a new belief, idea, or way of life:
※Guatemala seems unable to confront its repressive past and join its neighbors in embracing democracy and economic reform.(NEWSWEEK,NOV17,2003,p32)
(グァテマラは、repressive past【抑圧的な過去】と対峙し、democracy and economic reformを受容する近隣諸国に仲間入りすることは不可能に見える。）
◇ The president finds it easy to * embrace democracy, but not the various means to make it happen.(NEWSWEEK,NOV17,2003,p11)
（大統領は、democracyを受容するのは簡単だが、それを引き起こすvarious means【さまざまな手段】に関してはそうではないと見ている。）
◇But the Chinese * embrace of Tibetan Buddhism? ;as well as of other religions? ;also reflects a need to fill the spiritual vacuum left by the collapse of Maoist ideology.
◇But as China *diluted its socialist purity by *embracing economic reforms, religious controls began easing as well. The skylines of Chinese towns now teem with temples, shrines and churches. (Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
* embroiled : involved in a difficult situation
◇The Russian government has become *embroiled in a bitter argument over adoptions by foreigners. As the discussion drags on, the number of adoptions is falling.(NEWSWEEK,July 4,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8358533/site/newsweek/
* eminent : important, respected, and admired
** emulate*(2004年1級第1回) : FORMAL to try to be like someone or something else, usually because you admire them
◇It is time for Thaksin to *emulate Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir Mohamad by raising his game, graduating from national politician to Southeast Asian statesman.(TIME,FEB7,2005,p21)
◇Back in the 1960s, Singaporean leader Lee Kuan Yew said that he hoped his island nation could one day *emulate the success of Sri Lanka. In those days, the former Ceylon had a lot *going for it: its per capita income exceeded Thailand's and was roughly equal to South Korea's.(Nov. 14, 2005 issue p26)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9937017/site/newsweek/
** enclave* : an area of a country or city where a particular group of people live:
◇ Although Ye's activities are *technically illegal, they are an *entrenched part of the economic ecology in China's capitalistic *enclaves. Zhejiang, which has since the late 1980s been at the front line of free enterprise, is home to tens of thousands of private companies.(TIME,Nov22,2004,p34)
◇And yet it is a sign of Iraqis' utter mistrust of the leaders who have replaced Saddam that anger over Haditha has been directed as much toward the Iraqi government as toward U.S. troops. Like many Iraqis across the country, the survivors accuse their elected leaders of cocooning themselves in a highly *fortified Baghdad *enclave, with little thought for the *plight of their countrymen.(TIME,JUNE12,2006,p44)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1200784,00.html
* encroach : to gradually take something such as power or authority from someone else
*** endemic* : very common or strongly established in a place or situation:
◇ Little has been done to address the *endemic poverty that fuels the conflict, with 42% of the population earning less than $1 a day. (TIME,Feb2,2004,p15)
◇China's rapid economic development, *endemic corruption and highly decentralized political system have produced a life-threatening environmental crisis for hundreds of millions of Chinese. (TIME,Dec5,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501051205-1134809,00.html
◇Although the distribution of wealth is far from *egalitarian--the rich are getting a lot richer, corruption is *endemic, and millions continue to struggle--the good life is in reach for more Russians than ever before.
(TIME,MAY15,2006,p31)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1191848,00.html
* endorsement* : an occasion when someone gives official or public support to a particular person or thing:
◇ Suu Kyi told U.N. envoy to Burma Razali Ismail in March that Khin Nyunt was someone she could deal with. After that endorsement, some residents of Rangoon started calling the Prime Minister the "second most popular figure in Burma"?after Suu Kyi. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
* engagement : FORMAL the feeling of being involved in a particular activity:
◇While the U.S. and many other Western countries have persisted with economic *sanctions, Japan, China, India and Thailand have actively pursued a policy of *engagement with Burma, encouraging closer economic ties and increased trade in the hope that the generals would gradually ease their grip on society.(TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
◇Partly due to such efforts, public support for New Right has broadened in recent months. A recent newspaper survey found that 75 percent of the population had a positive view of the movement. That doesn't mean the New Right will dominate the political discussion in South Korea. For one thing, after a decade of Seoul's sunshine policy of *engagement with Pyongyang, most ordinary South Koreans remain sympathetic to North Korea, especially the same youth who might otherwise be attracted to the new movement.(NEWSWEEK,MAY8,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554163/site/newsweek/page/2/
(NEWSWEEK,MAY,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554163/site/newsweek/page/2/
**en masse : all together as a group
◇After evacuating en masse, however, many blacks may have left for good. According to one survey of emergency shelters in Houston, 44 percent of respondents, who were almost uniformly black, had no plans to return. (NEWSWEEK,Dec262005,Jan22006,p44)
◇ When crops are grown in big farms and processed en masse, much of their nutrient value is taken out, and their “caloric density”rises.(NEWSWEEK,JAN20,2003)
(cropsがbig farms で大量に栽培され精製されるとき、栄養価の大部分は除去され、カロリー集約性が上がる。）
*** enlist* : if someone enlists or is enlisted, they join the military of their country:
◇ The artists work regular hours, are expected to produce a * stipulated quota of works, and are sometimes * enlisted in “speed-war”contests that test their ability to pump out patriotic art in volume. (TIME, 2004,JULY19,p50)
◇Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra has pledged to *wipe out bird flu in the country by the end of October, and last week *enlisted more than 900,000 volunteers to *cull sick chickens and do spot checks on potential new outbreaks.
(TIME,Oct11,2004,p25)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041011-709153,00.html
◇ Many villages in Nepal's far western region stand *deserted owing to Maoist threats of violence and forced *enlistment, as well as the lack of a reliable food supply.(NEWSWEEK,Nov22,2004,p43)
** enshrine : to officially record something such as an idea or principle in a document so that it cannot be ignored:
◇It has passed nine packages of major reforms that have reduced the military's influence in government, *enshrined political dissent and religious *pluralism, passed strict laws against torture, abolished the death penalty and given *substantial rights to a long-oppressed minority.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept27,2004,p13)
◇ In June of this year Koizumi's cabinet pushed an *unprecedented law through Parliament designed to *enshrine new protections for those brave enough to speak their minds.(NEWSWEEK,Nov8,2004,p22)
* entice : to persuade someone to do something, especially by offering them an advantage or reward
* enticing : something that is enticing is so good or attractive that you want to have it or do it very much:
◇ To be sure, the EU offers some *enticing rewards, not least access to the rich markets of Western Europe and fat agricultural *subsidies from Brussels.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE7/JULY14,2004,p22)
***** entrenched* : entrenched attitudes or feelings have existed for a long time and are difficult to change
◇ In no other country in Europe (not even hyper Roman Catholic Italy) are the two main churches, Catholic and Protestant, as powerful, richly funded and as *entrenched at all layers of government as they are in Germany.(NEWSWEEK,Jan13,2004)
◇ Although Ye's activities are *technically illegal, they are an *entrenched part of the economic ecology in China's capitalistic *enclaves. Zhejiang, which has since the late 1980s been at the front line of free enterprise, is home to tens of thousands of private companies.(TIME,Nov22,2004,p34)
◇ After the creation of the *interim Iraqi government in June, many hoped that the *insurgency would die down. It hasn't. Today it appears more organized, *entrenched and aggressive than ever.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept20,2004,p13)
◇In The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture and Identity Sen insists that the love of debate and dissent is as deeply *entrenched in Indian culture as the love of religion and mysticism.(NEWSWEEK,Aug29,2005)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050829-1096536,00.html
◇The 1986 People Power revolt that ousted Ferdinand Marcos was different. Clustered around Manila's main artery EDSA, it was heroic, miraculous and magical, dismantling an *entrenched dictatorship and restoring democracy. (TIME,LULY18,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050718-1081443,00.html
*envisage : to imagine that something will happen in the future, or is happening now
◇Authorities *envisage some 300 million rural residents becoming city-dwellers by 2020. Already many Chinese metropolises have liberalized regulations allowing rural migrants to become legal permanent residents.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
* enzyme* ：a natural chemical produced by animal and plant cells that causes reactions and other processes to start
◇At FastingArina, guests receive a daily health checkup, a special enzyme-rich vegetable and fruit juice.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE,16,2003)
(FasingArinaでguestsは毎日health checkupを受け、enzyme【酵素】が豊富な特製果実野菜ジュースを与えられる。
* epicenter* : the area of land directly over the center of an EARTHQUAKE
◇If SARS does make a return, China will most likely be the epicenter once again.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT22,2003)
（もしSARSが戻ってくれば、中国がふたたびepicenterになる可能性はきわめて高い）
◇The world's stem-cell hub at Seoul National University Hospital seemed like the *epicenter of global biotechnology when it was dedicated last October.(NEWSWEEK,Jan9,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10682397/site/newsweek/
** eradicate*(2004年1級第3回)：to get rid of something completely, especially something bad: a program to eradicate polio
◇I question whether his foreign policy is eradicating terrorism or leading to its proliferation.
(TIME,SEP12,2003)
（私は疑問に思う、his foreign policyがterrorismをeradicateしているのか、あるいはそのproliferationにつながっているのか）
◇Emotion can, of course, be *fleeting. The $1 million Sharon Stone raised is just a fraction of the $4 billion that Gates says is needed to *eradicate malaria.(TIME,FEB7,2005,p41)
* erosion* : the gradual reduction or destruction of something important:
◇ Israelis who do have jobs complain of salary erosion due in part to a sharp weakening of the local currency.(NEWSWEEK,NOVEM18,2002,p48)
(仕事のあるIsraelisはsalary erosionに不平を言う / その一因はlocal currencyのsharp weakeningによる。）
*eschew : to avoid using or doing something, especially for moral reasons
◇Mehdi Savalli *eschews the rituals that bullfighters typically use to *ward off gorings and other misfortunes. He doesn't pray to the Virgen de la Estrella; he doesn't stand in front of a homemade shrine of religious prints when he slips on his traje de luces, the ornate, sequined costume worn by matadors; he doesn't cross himself before he steps into the ring. But these *breaches of bullfighting tradition have not kept him from becoming one of Spain's most promising young toreros.(Mar. 19, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901060327-1174657,00.html
****espouse* : to give your support to an idea, principle, or belief
◇Only the most extreme Sunnis *espouse a philosophy of hatred toward the Shiites. But these include Al Qaeda in Iraq?and its leader, Abu Mussab al-Zarqawi. His stated plan is to "drag the Shia into the arena of *sectarian war" in the hope of *provoking an all-out *conflagration.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677916/site/newsweek/
◇Parenting techniques that prioritize the nurturing of a child's self-esteem are not widely *espoused. There are no Oprahs or Dr. Phils to genially wag a finger at the dads who don't hug their kids or the mothers who berate them for bringing home anything less than straight A's.
http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story.html
◇In 1993, he wrote Blueprint for a New Japan, a book *espousing the "normal nation" theory?now very much in *vogue?*asserting that Japan needs to develop the political, military and diplomatic power commensurate with its economic might in order to become a global leader.
(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
◇As candidates *espousing Chavez-style populism have *plummeted in the polls in Mexico and Peru, their camps have tried to distance themselves from the Venezuelan leader. Elsewhere, *incumbent presidents like Alvaro Uribe in Colombia and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in Brazil have won *plaudits as economic managers, and look likely to be reelected.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006,p23,That Chavez Thing Is Over)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892228/site/newsweek/
* euthanasia： the practice of killing a very old or very sick person without causing them pain. When someone in this condition asks to be killed, the practice is called voluntary euthanasia.
◇Doctor-aided euthanasia is not uncommon when children are born with birth defects.（TIME,JUNE16,2003)
(医師の助けによる安楽死は、子供がborn with birth defectsの場合珍しくない）
*evacuate* : to make people leave their homes because of a dangerous situation such as a war
◇ In China scientists are using satellites to track rising lake volumes and will *evacuate villagers if a glacial flash flood seems *imminent. Beijing has invested $24 billion to build a reservoir in Xinjiang province to prevent flooding and to control *rampant water use.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE6,2005)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8018284/site/newsweek/?news_id=24
* evict* : to legally force someone to leave the house they are living in, usually because they have not paid their rent
◇More and more Chinese are reacting violently to practices such as illegal *eviction, inadequate compensation and rural land *confiscation at the hands of powerful *vested interests.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
* evoke : to bring a particular emotion, idea, or memory into your mind:
◇ Although China has mostly *shed Chairman Mao's class-busting ideology and cities like Shanghai boast skyscrapers and *bustling shopping malls, the deportment of some citizens *evokes an era of *subsistence.(Nov. 14, 2005, p39)
http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1126714,00.html
*** exacerbate* : to make a problem worse
◇ In almost any "divided" society, elections can *exacerbate group tensions unless there is a strong effort to make a deal between the groups, getting all to buy into the new order.(NEWSWEEK,FEB7,2005)
◇ Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi has only *exacerbated tensions, they say, with his repeated trips to the Yasukuni Shrine?where military dead, including convicted war criminals, are honored?and with his failure to visit China since 2001. (TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
◇In Japan, the great majority of parents are deeply suspicious of yutori kyoiku and their concerns were *exacerbated by the results from a student-assessment test carried out among OECD countries in 2003. In reading comprehension, Japanese 15-year-olds were given a lowly 14th place in the country rankings. http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story3.html
** exclusive* : limited to a particular person or group and not shared with others:
◇ As a result, the Children's Place ? and all other American retailers ? can't buy exclusively from countries that make them most efficiently and cheaply, such as China, but must also order from less competitive factories in places such as Burma and Swaziland.(TIME,Nov1,2004,p36)
◇ During the communist era, Mongolia had a *vibrant film industry, supported almost *exclusively by *subsidies from the Soviet Union. (NEWSWEEK,Aug23,2004,p57)
* excruciating(2004年1級第3回) : used for emphasizing how bad something is
◇In the European Union, the number of university graduates has shot up by 30 percent in the past five years alone. In hypercompetitive Asia, where most academic achievement is measured by standardized tests, that can lead to *excruciating pressure. (NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
* exile* : a situation in which you are forced to live in a foreign country because you cannot live in your own country, usually for political reasons:
◇In September 1999, hundreds of East Timorese civilians were killed and one-quarter of the population sent into temporary *exile during a *rampage by Indonesian anti-independence *militias.(TIME,Aug23,2004,p52)
◇Above all, "Picasso: Tradition and Avant-Garde" seeks to *reclaim the artist as *quintessentially Spanish. Picasso has long been regarded as a French painter who happened to be born in Spain. Though he lived in Paris and then the Midi until his death in 1973, Picasso followed Spain's *turbulent politics closely from his *exile.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE12,2006,p56,Painting Picasso)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13122862/site/newsweek/
* exodus* : a situation in which a lot of people leave a place or activity at the same time:
◇ Business elites are leading the *exodus, fearful that Roh's pro-union stands will *undermine their livelihoods.(NEWSWEEK,Sept30,2004,p44)
** exorbitant : an exorbitant price or amount of money is much more than is reasonable
◇According to Nguyen, 48, his rent is twice what he would be paying in Bangkok, his telecommunication costs are *exorbitant, and he has to boost wages to keep key software engineers from being lured away by competitors.(NEWSWEEK,MAY2,2005,p34)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/7615251/site/newsweek/
◇ Because of its *headlong pursuit of nuclear weapons, Pakistan had become the world's most *sanctioned nation after Libya. International aid had dried up. The government was forced to borrow at *exorbitant short-term rates, burdening the country with a crushing $38 billion debt.
(NEWSWEEK,March 27)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/
* expatriate* : someone who lives in a foreign country:
◇ In his novel "Cakes and Ale," Somerset Maugham *derided the celebrated American *expatriate Henry James for focusing his writings on upper-class life in Europe in the early 20th century. (NEWSWEEK,Oct25,2004,p13)
** expertise* : special skill or knowledge that you get from experience, training, or study:
◇But many, including U.S.intelligence officials, believe he acquired those riches *peddling his *expertise.(TIME,Jan19,2004,p20)
◇The 13 men were among 4,000 whites who lost their farms in a disastrous land-reform program *initiated six years ago by President Robert Mugabe. Now Nigeria's president, Olusegun Obasanjo, is *harnessing the *expertise of these Zimbabwean castoffs to revive Nigeria's commercial agriculture, which has fallen into ruin since the country became a major oil producer in the 1960s.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677306/site/newsweek/
* exploit*
1)* to treat someone unfairly in order to get some benefit for yourself:
Children are being exploited in many of these factories.(Macmillan)
◇American and European drugmakers were immediately accused by health activists of exploiting Africa's impoverished AIDS victims.(TIME,SEPT22,2003,p44)
(American and European drugmakersはただちに非難された/Africa's impoverished AIDS victimsをexploit【搾取】していると。）
2 )*to use a situation so that you get benefit from it, even if it is wrong or unfair to do this:
We need to exploit every opportunity for media coverage.
an investment designed to exploit a tax loophole (Macmillan)
◇They have learned to exploit U.S. patent laws that two decades ago were amended to allow for the sale of generic pharmaceutical products.(TIME,SEPT22,2003,p45)
(彼らは米国の特許法をexploit【利用】することを学んでいる/ それは二十年前に改正された/ generic pharmaceutical products【ノーブランドの医薬品】の販売を許可するために）
◇India's *porous border with Burma, which is *exploited by *insurgents on both sides, is bound to be discussed during Than Shwe's five-day visit to New Delhi this week.(TIME,Nov1,2004p39)
3)*to use NATURAL RESOURCES such as trees, water, or oil so that you gain as much as possible:
◇ But their lives changed horribly, they say, after two oil compamies, the U.S.giant Unocol and its French partner Total, began exploiting natural-gas deposits offshore.(TIME,DEC8,2003,p22)
(しかしtheir livesはhorriblyに変わったと彼らは言う / two oil compamies, the U.S.giant Unocol and its French partner Total が、natural-gas deposits offshore【沖合の天然ガス鉱床】 のexploit【採掘】を開始してから。
◇Malawi's democratic government has also done a poor job of managing the country's water. Despite a series of prolonged droughts, critics say, the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation has failed to *exploit the country's two main water sources, the Shire River and Lake Malawi
(Nov. 14, 2005 issue,p29) http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9938334/site/newsweek/
*** exploitation* : unfair treatment of someone or the use of a situation in a way that is wrong, in order to get some benefit for yourself:
◇He will always be *vulnerable to *abuse and *exploitation by those who *wield that one vital skill he doesn't have.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT30,2002,p59)
(いつも彼はabuse【虐待】とexploitation【搾取】に対して弱い立場にあるだろう/ 彼が持ち合わせていないひとつのvital skill【死活的な技能】をwield【行使】する者からの）
◇But why should the world help Africa at all? The simple answer, says Niall FitzGerald, chairman of British news agency Reuters and a passionate backer of a new deal for Africa, is morality. "The rich world has brought its gifts to Africa: first *exploitation and then indifference," he said at the World Economic Forum's Africa summit in Cape Town earlier this month.
(TIME,JUNE27,2005)http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901050627-1074080,00.html
◇South Korean president Roh Moo Hyun minced no words in his tirade against Japan last week. Angered by Japanese moves to survey a contested range of islets currently occupied by Korea, he blasted Tokyo for essentially reaffirming "Japan's criminal history of waging wars ... as well as 40 years of *exploitation, torture, imprisonment, forced labor and even sexual slavery."
(NEWSWEEK,MAY8,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554163/site/newsweek/
* explore : to examine or discuss a subject, idea, etc. thoroughly
◇Now, to celebrate 25 years since "Guernica's" return, and the 125th anniversary of Picasso's birth, Spain's two national museums, the Prado and the Reina Sofia, have joined forces to present a *comprehensive new exhibit *exploring his life and work. "Picasso: Tradition and Avant-Garde" (from June 6 through Sept. 3) is spread across the two galleries and includes more than 100 works from museums around the world.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE12,2006,56)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13122862/site/newsweek/
*expropriate : to take someone's land, money, or possessions and use them for public purposes
◇Hwange National Park was once a major employer in a country that attracted about 1 million visitors a year. But that was before President Robert Mugabe began forcibly *expropriating thousands of white-owned farms, replacing their owners with *cronies and Zimbabwean civil-war veterans. (NEWSWEEK,Dec. 5, 2005 issue)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10218889/site/newsweek/
* extinction* : the situation when an animal, plant, or language no longer exists:
◇ The predators are being killed so fast some now face extinction.(TIME,JAN27,2003)
(そのpredators【捕食動物】は急速に殺されているため、現在extinction【絶滅】に瀕しているものもいる。）
** extortion* : a crime in which someone gets money or information using force or threats
◇If you're unlucky, your employer runs out of money to pay you. If you're really unlucky, you get caught in the middle of an *extortion racket. But if it all works out?as it increasingly does?you get to shape your own future in a way French kids would envy.
(TIME,Apr. 09, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901060417-1181588,00.html
◇Since Nepal became a parliamentary democracy in 1990, the politicians have done little but fill their pockets and fight over power?the country had 14 Prime Ministers in 14 years?while the Maoists built a mini-state in the mountains based on torture, execution and *extortion.
(TIME,MAY1,2006,p18)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186607,00.html
* extradite* : to send a criminal back to the country or state where a crime was committed for a trial
◇He vows to seek the extradition of company official if they refuse to disclose their sources of information in Colombia.(NEWSWEEK,JULY14,2003,p25)
(彼はcompany officialのextradition【引き渡し】を求めるといきまく/ もしtheir sources of information in Colombiaを公表するのを拒むのなら）
** fabricate* : to make up a story or piece of information in order to make someone believe something that is not true:
◇ When history is *fabricated to constitute a politics of hatred and violence, then we need to sit up and protest. If we do not, then the long night of Gujarat will never end.(TIME, Jan26,2004,p19)
◇ Jiang recounted his anguish at treating youthful victims of the crackdown, in which "tanks, machine guns and other weapons [were used] to suppress the totally unarmed students and citizens, killing hundreds of innocent students... Then, the authorities mobilized all types of propaganda machinery to *fabricate lies," he wrote in his letter.(NEWSWEEK, Oct18,2004,p39)
* feat : something impressive that someone does:
◇ The feat, scheduled to be announced this week, has implications beyond the obscure animal, which is endangered in parts of Africa.(NEWSWEEK, OCT20,2003,p46)
(そのfeat【功績】は今週発表されることになっているが、in parts of Africaで絶滅の危機に瀕する目立たない動物を超えたimplication【影響】がある。）
**** feature* : if something features a particular person or thing, they are an important part of it
◇Sony PlayStation 2 had *featured the Lancer Evolution in a new version of Gran Turismo, a top-selling racing-car game released that July. The result was a cultlike following for the car. "We were spammed by gamers," recalls Ian Beavis, senior vice president of marketing at Mitsubishi North America.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov29,2004,p52)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6542897/site/newsweek/
◇Sachar's latest, Small Steps, hit bookstores this week. It *features some of the same characters that readers met in his 1999 best-selling book Holes, which won a National Book Award as well as a Newbery Medal.(TFK,January 13, 2006 Vol.11 No.14)
◇When sugar prices bottomed out at four cents a pound in the 1980s, most producing nations cut back investment, leaving them with antiquated equipment and backward methods. Brazil was the exception, creating a *cutting-edge production system *featuring satellites to help pinpoint peak harvest times. (NEWSWEEK,May 1, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12441463/site/newsweek/
◇ At the Gome Electronics Store in downtown Dandong, salespeople count North Koreans among their most faithful customers. "They're always wearing their little pins," says Shi Hui, a Gome salesgirl, referring to the obligatory badges *featuring portraits of North Korean founding father Kim Il Sung.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
* feisty : full of energy and lively determination
◇Critics say that political disillusionment has grown because of Roh's confrontational governing style. As a *feisty former democracy activist himself, the president is not known for his ability to compromise.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE5,2006,Incumbents, Beware)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13007804/site/newsweek/page/2/
** fend off : to defend yourself against an attack
◇Guests are welcomed by an android female receptionist who speaks 30,000 phrases in four languages and even knows how to *fend off unwelcome advances from male Homo sapiens.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p48)
◇Washington also hopes the newly trained Afghan army, which has 35,000 troops, will *assume a greater role. But in places like Helmand province, where few Afghan or foreign troops were stationed, the main burden of *fending off the insurgents has fallen to an Afghan police force that is poorly trained and often overmatched by the Taliban.
（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
** feud : an angry disagreement between two people or groups that continues for a long time
◇ Whether or not Karzai's complaints are *valid, his constant criticism of Musharraf is a risky move. A prolonged *feud could hurt Pakistan, jeopardizing its large aid package from America.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar20,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786789/site/newsweek/
◇From the Falklands to the Spratlys, history is littered with bloody *feuds over scraps of territory that seem stunningly unimportant to more detached observers.(TIME, May. 01, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060508-1189390,00.html
* feud :to be involved in an angry disagreement that continues for a long time
◇Japan and China just can't seem to kiss and make up. When Chinese Deputy Prime Minister Wu Yi arrived in Tokyo on May 17, the visit was billed as part of a new move toward reconciliation after recent *feuding between Asia's two biggest economies. Needless to say, it didn't work out as the optimists had hoped. (NEWSWEEK,JUNE6,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8018286/site/newsweek/from/RL.2/
* fierce* : involving very strong feelings such as determination, anger, or hate
◇The minutes of the March 4 meeting?*ostensibly convened by Communist Party policy advisers to discuss economic reforms and rural poverty?were supposed to be secret. But last month they leaked out on the Web, and ideological sparks have been flying ever since. What started out as a discussion by officials, economists and legal experts about deadlocked legislation on property rights has *morphed into a *fierce debate about the future of reform in China.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
** firsthand : obtained directly from someone who is involved in something:
◇The killings he witnessed firsthand became a part of him.(TIME,AUG11,2003,p45)
(firsthand【直接的に】witness【目撃】したkillingは、彼の一部となった。）
◇In the young man in front of me I saw the problem firsthand.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT30,2002,p59)
(目の前のyoung manに、私は問題をfirsthand【じかに】見た。）
* flaunt(2004年1級第2回) : to deliberately try to make people notice your possessions, beauty, abilities, etc., because you want them to admire you:
◇ This week's APEC Leader's Summit in Bungkok has provided the perfect stage for Tkaksin to flaunt his success and build his growing reputation as the most dominant leader in the region(TIME,OCT27,2003,p37)
(今週の APEC Leader's Summit in BungkokはTkaksinに完璧な舞台を与えた / 彼の成功をflaunt【誇示】し、地域で最もdominant【卓越した】リーダーとしてのgrowing reputationを築くための。）
* flawed ：spoiled by something such as a fault or mark, or lacking something:
◇The Team B report explains that the CIA's analysis was flawed.
(Team Bの報告は、CIA's analysisには欠点があったと説明する）
*** fledgling* : recently formed and still developing, without very much experience:
※ He works on a fledgling governmental program to identify former fighters who might one day receive financial aid.(TIME,JUNE2,2003,p20)
(彼は、出来たばかりの元戦士を特定する政府プログラムで働いている/ 元戦士は、いつかfinancial aidを得られるかも知れない。）
◇It was men like Kashfia whom the Iranian authorities had in mind when it expanded a *fledgling parathletics foundation to include wounded veterans returning from the front.(TIME,Sept20,2004,p59)
◇Of course, the picture is not all *bleak. Billions of dollars have poured into Afghanistan since the Taliban's ouster, and some 23,000 American soldiers and 9,000 NATO peacekeepers are securing the country and training Afghanistan's *fledgling Army and police. Girls are going to school in record numbers. Kabul is *awash in secondhand cars brought in from neighboring Iran. New commercial buildings and ornate residences are *sprouting.(NEWSWEEK,p28,2006) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
* fleeting : continuing for only a very short time
◇Emotion can, of course, be *fleeting. The $1 million Sharon Stone raised is just a fraction of the $4 billion that Gates says is needed to *eradicate malaria.(TIME,FEB7,2005,p41)
*flex your muscles : to show how powerful or strong you are, especially as a warning or threat to another person or country
◇ Conservative Islamic leaders are *flexing their muscles, putting pressure on SBY’s largely secular government.(NEWSWEEK, Aug15,2005)
http://www.thepersecution.org/world/indonesia/05/newsweek.html
* flounder : to experience difficulties and be likely to fail:
◇ ETA follows this pattern. Having been founded to protest the brutal suppression of the Basques under Franco's reign, it *floundered as Spain became democratic and provided the Basques with increasing levels of *autonomy.(NEWSWEEK,Mar22,2004,p15)
**** foment* : to encourage people to have angry feelings or to protest or fight:
◇He suspects that Iran will try to foment that.(NEWSWEEK,SPT23,2003,p23)
(彼は疑う/ Iranがそれをfoment【煽動する】のではないかと）
◇The agency's interrogators beat him with a metal pipe, screaming at him to confess that he'd been sent by Pyongyang to foment revolution.(TIME,JUNE16,2003,)
(その機関の尋問者はa metal pipeで彼を殴打し、自供するよう叫んだ/ 革命をfoment【煽動する】ために北朝鮮から送られたと。）
◇If the goal is to stabilize Iraq, fomenting intragroup violence might not be the best path.(NEWSWEEK,NOV10,2003,p11)
(goalがIraqの安定にあるのなら、グループ間のviolenceを煽るのはbest pathではないであろう。）
◇Arab countries that fund and foment terror should know that the costs of doing so have risen.
(NEWSWEEK, Jan19,2004,p13)
* foresee* : to see or know something that will happen in the future: PREDICT:
◇The Harvard professor *foresaw a collision of "Western arrogance, Islamic intolerance and [Chinese] *assertiveness" that would dominate global politics in the post-cold-war era.
* foreseeable* : a foreseeable event or time is one that can easily be imagined or known about before it happens: PREDICTABLE:
◇ The U.S. Senate last month requested a study of the possible impact of a total cutoff of Venezuelan supplies. Such a development would, at a minimum, increase U.S. reliance on oil from the Middle East, a decidedly *unpalatable option for the *foreseeable future.(NEWSWEEK,Feb14,2005,p34,)
** forestall* : to prevent something from happening by saying or doing something before it can happen:
◇Samsung, South Korea's largest firm, is pushing for the expansion of a major plant just south of Seoul?a plan that has long been rejected by authorities trying to *forestall further economic concentration.(NEWSWEEK,Feb23,2004,p30)
◇ The original sin of American postwar policy remains the decision to go into Iraq with too few troops. A larger presence would have intimidated and thus deterred some of the opposition, and, in places like Najaf and Karbala, *forestalled the rise of local militias.(NEWSWEEK,JULY5,2004)
*** formidable* : very impressive in size, power, or skill and therefore deserving respect and often difficult to deal with:
◇The natural drawing power of the capital remains *formidable, however. Skeptics warn that the new bullet train will make it easier for people living within 150km of Seoul to pop into the city to visit the theater or the hospital, and could end up further concentrating services in the capital.(NEWSWEEK,Feb23,2004,p30)
◇ Three years into his term, Koizumi has just shaken up his cabinet with an eye to achieving his most *formidable campaign promise?privatizing Japan Post.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p36)
◇Getting robots to understand real-life human speech may be the hardest job of all. Separating words from background noises and parsing language has proved to be a *formidable problem.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p48)
* fortify : to protect a place against attack by building strong walls, towers, or other structures around it
◇And yet it is a sign of Iraqis' utter mistrust of the leaders who have replaced Saddam that anger over Haditha has been directed as much toward the Iraqi government as toward U.S. troops. Like many Iraqis across the country, the survivors accuse their elected leaders of cocooning themselves in a highly *fortified Baghdad *enclave, with little thought for the *plight of their countrymen.(TIME,JUNE12,2006,p44)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1200784,00.html
** foster* : to help something to develop over a period of time: PROMOTE:
◇The situation is also *dire in West Bengal and Kerala, where communist governments have increased the *literacy rate but *fostered strong labor unions that have *stifled employment growth.(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p22)
◇It is in America's long-term interest to *foster the development of a successful and modern Islamic state that would become an alternative *beacon to replace the current *infatuation with Osama bin Laden. (TIME,Nov15,2004,p55)
* founder : to begin to fail
◇Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is *foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformly *mediocre?the result of an *egalitarian government education policy.(NEWSWEEK,July 4,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8358312/site/newsweek/
* fragment : if something fragments or is fragmented, it breaks into a lot of separate pieces or parts:
◇A quick transfer of authority to a weak central government will only encourage the Shiites, the Sunnis and the Kurds to retain de facto autonomy in their regions and fragment the country.(NEWSWEEK,NOV10,2003,p11)
(weak central governmentに早急に権限を委譲すれば、シーア派、スンニー派、クルド人が事実上のautonomy【自治】を維持し国をばらばらにするのを促すだけだ。）
◇Although the mood in India is upbeat, Yogesh Malhotra, a textile analyst at credit-rating agency ICRA, warns that uncertainties remain. He points out that the country's textile industry is highly *fragmented, made up of thousands of small manufacturers. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p37)
* fraud : the crime of obtaining money from someone by tricking them
◇ Sociologists argue that the upsurge in school dishonesty also reflects attitudes in the culture at large, where cheating has become acceptable and even admired. International tycoons make enviable fortunes through market manipulation and *fraud: think Enron, WorldCom and Martha Stewart. Scientists like South Korea's once *revered stem-cell research pioneer, Hwang Woo Suk, fake lab results.(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
** fret* : to worry about something continuously:
◇A recent report by the state-run Chinese Academy of Social Sciences *frets that labor disputes "are growing larger in scale with extremist actions, bringing about a bigger negative impact on social stability." (TIME,April1,2002,p27)
◇Indeed, Vietnam's economic growth was so uneven that a 2004 United Nations Development Program report fretted in its title, "Why Don't Northern Provinces Grow Faster?"
(TIME,MAY1,06,p35)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186604,00.html
* freewheeling : not limited by rules, customs, or responsibilities:
◇That means creating a lively, freewheeling place where younger, well-traveled, creative people want to visit, work and live.(NEWSWEEK,Dec292003/Jan52004 p60)
* fugitive* : someone who has done something illegal and is trying to avoid being caught by the police
◇The SEAL commandos, part of a supersecret task force hunting down "high value" Qaeda and Taliban *fugitives, were searching for a lost reconnaissance team in the *treacherous Kunar border region of Afghanistan.(NEWSWEEK, JULY11,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8443651/site/newsweek/
* full-fledged* : completely developed:
◇ The quiet but steady growth of the country's Jewish community has been underway for some years now, but lately it's turned into a full-fledged renaissance.(NEWSWEEK,JULY14,2003,p24)
(quiet but steadyなその国のJewish community の成長は数年に渡って進行してきた/ しかし最近それはfull-fledged【本格的な】復興となった。）
* galvanize*(2005年1級第2回) : to shock or affect someone enough to produce a strong and immediate reaction:
※Beijing, he says, will never allow the Dalai Lama to return to Tibet, an event that would galvanize the world media and“would be profoundly destabilizing to communist rule”.(TIME,JUNE23,2003)
（彼が言うには中国政府がDalai LamaのTibet帰還を許すことはまずありえない/ それはworld media を活気づけ、「communist ruleにとって深刻な不安定材料となるであろう」。
****garner* : to collect or obtain a large amount of something useful or important
◇Even before Hwang's work became well known, Korean fertility doctors had garnered a global reputation. (NEWSWEEKJan. 9, 2005 )http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10682397/site/newsweek/
◇Though the channels initially attracted a huge following among senior citizens and housewives, they have *garnered younger viewers recently?particularly those who are too busy to attend regular discourses at temples and satsangs, Hindu religious gatherings.
(NEWSWEEK,2006,p52)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10854375/site/newsweek/
◇ Chinese leaders, too, are *prone to Japan-baiting to *garner popular support. An incursion into Japanese waters last November by a Chinese submarine was applauded on many mainland websites as a sign of growing Chinese power.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
◇Even before Hwang's work became well known, Korean fertility doctors had *garnered a global reputation. A team at Maria Infertility Hospital, for example, produced stem cells from fertilized eggs in 2000. (NEWSWEEK,Jan9,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10682397/site/newsweek/
* generic : a generic drug or other product does not have a TRADEMARK and is sold without a company's name on it
◇ When Anglo-Swedish drug giant AstraZeneca launched its anti-ulcer drug Losec in 1989 in Europe and the United States, it was an instant blockbuster. Before the company had a chance to sell the drug in India, however, local firms had already flooded the market with cheap *generics.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov22,p48,2004)
***** given : because of a particular fact: CONSIDERING:
◇ There's no ecological *imperative behind the introduction of screw caps, either, *given that the total area of cork forests is expanding by about 4% a year.(TIME,April5,2004,p54)
◇The ship faces a *daunting task. Over the past few decades, scientists have managed to dig only 2,111 meters into the earth from the ocean floor?a mere scratch, *given that the distance to the earth's core is about 6,400 kilometers.(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p57)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191047/site/newsweek
◇The World Gold Council estimates gold buying in India was up nearly 33% to 850 tons in 2005. The increase is all the more remarkable *given the metal's surging price?gold hit a 24-year high of $541.20 an ounce on Jan. 6?due in part to anxieties about terrorism, the war in Iraq and the value of the U.S. dollar.(TIME,Jan16,2006,p38)
◇No one is suggesting that a crossword puzzle a day will *keep senility at bay or that somehow it's your fault if your mental capacity fails. But *given how quickly the average age of Americans is rising and how much the risk of dementia leaps with advancing years, finding anything that delays cognitive decline even a little would be of enormous value.(TIME,Jan8,2006,p50)
◇It's an open question whether Germans, Dutch, or Danes will ever truly accept a multiethnic, multireligious "Germanness," "Dutchness" or "Danishness." But *given the immigrant and demographic trajectories of Europe's future, there is little choice but to try.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar6,2006)http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
* go a long way
if you say someone will go a long way, you think they will be successful in their life or career:
◇ Dialogue with North Korea would go a long way toward averting a real crisis.(TIME,JAN13,2003)
(North Koreaとの対話は、a real crisisを回避するのに大いに役に立つ。）
*go for someone/something : to be true or relevant for someone or somethin
◇Back in the 1960s, Singaporean leader Lee Kuan Yew said that he hoped his island nation could one day *emulate the success of Sri Lanka. In those days, the former Ceylon had a lot *going for it: its per capita income exceeded Thailand's and was roughly equal to South Korea's.(Nov. 14, 2005 issue p26)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9937017/site/newsweek/
*** hail* ：to say publicly how good or important something is:
◇ Hizbullah guerrillas are *hailed in the Arab world as the only force that ever defeated the Israeli Army, which withdrew from south Lebanon in 2000, and Palestinian militants may think they can *replicate that success.(NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2003,p34)
◇Tokyo Gov.Shintaro Ishihara hailed fasting in his 2002 best seller.
(Tokyo Gov.Shintaro Ishiharaは2002年のベストセラーの中でfating【断食】をhailした。）
◇ Veterans who had risked life and limb to defend their country were *hailed as living *martyrs. But for many, such as Kashfia, hero status was not enough. (TIME,Sept20,2004,p59)
** halt* : MAINLY JOURNALISM if you halt something or it halts, it does not continue or develop any further:
◇When Somsak Laemphakwan's chickens started dying in early August, he buried the corpses deep in the ground, hoping to *halt the bird flu *ravaging his village in northwest Thailand.
(TIME,Oct11,2004,p25)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041011-709153,00.html
◇ The new government will be seen as ineffectual, reconstruction will remain *halting, radical militias will gain ground and there will be no elections in January.(NEWSWEEK,JULY5,2004)
* hamper : to prevent something from happening or progressing normally:
◇ The same bias hampers the vitality of retail businesses, where a ban on foreign direct investment has stopped companies like Wal-Mart and Carrefour from entering the market.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p22)
*** hamstrung : prevented from doing what you want to do
◇ While the most *well-endowed labs in the United States, Britain, France and elsewhere are *hamstrung by a political *backlash against cloning research, South Korea has quietly filled the vacuum.(NEWSWEEK,Mar1,2004,p44)
◇Until our leaders acknowledge the connection between immigration and poverty, we'll be hamstrung in dealing with either.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p45)
◇The biggest shadow over Vietnam's rising star, though, is its long-delayed entry into the World Trade Organization. Vietnamese-made garments, the country's second largest export earner (after crude oil), are still hamstrung in the important U.S. market by quotas that don't apply to most WTO members.(TIME,Apr. 23, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186604,00.html
** handout* : money or goods given to people who need them:
◇His family relies on handouts from the United Nations.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE23,2003,p44)
◇ He and his wife have no job, and they and their 18-month-old child survive on handouts from relatives.(TIME,JUNE2,2003,p20)
(彼と妻に仕事はなく、彼らと生後１８ヶ月の子供は親戚からのhandout【施しもの】で食いつないでいる。）
** harbor : to keep a particular thought or feeling in your mind for a very long time:
◇The Xi'an riots provide only the most recent evidence of the hostility and distrust some Chinese still harbor toward their neighbors to the East.(TIME,NOV17,2003,p42)
(Xi'an riotsが提示したのは、最新のhostility and distrust【敵意と不信】のevidenceに過ぎない/ some Chineseがいまだに東方の隣人に抱いている。）
◇In Korea, bitter memories of Japan's colonial occupation live on, *harbored by people at the highest levels of government. Lee Hye Hoon, an opposition lawmaker in South Korea's National Assembly, says it's difficult for Japan and Korea to get along because "they attacked us, raped us, took everything from us ... and they still don't apologize." (TIME,May. 01, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060508-1189390,00.html
* harbor : to hide someone who has done something wrong so that the police will not find them:
◇ Washington supported its entry into the WTO, its bid for the 2008 Olympics and even accepted beijing's argument that its Xinjiang region harbors Islamic terrorists.(NEWSWEEK,DEC30,2002,JAN6,2003p13)
(米国政府は、中国のentry into the WTOおよび bid for the 2008 Olympics を支援し、中国政府によるXinjiang region が Islamic terroristsをかくまっているという主張さえ受け入れた。）
◇Penalties for *harboring information about the South, in particular, can include long terms in prison. The security services have formed mobile squads to *nab people viewing illegal videos. "They cut off the power so that the disc stays in the machine and can't be hidden," says defector Lee.(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p28)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
** harness* : to get control of something in order to use it for a particular purpose:
◇ This exodus is a shock to a newly developed nation like South Korea, which for years restricted foreign travel and money transfers in order to *harness savings and capital to the job of building industry at home.(NEWSWEEK,Sept30,2004,p44)
◇The 13 men were among 4,000 whites who lost their farms in a disastrous land-reform program *initiated six years ago by President Robert Mugabe. Now Nigeria's president, Olusegun Obasanjo, is *harnessing the *expertise of these Zimbabwean castoffs to revive Nigeria's commercial agriculture, which has fallen into ruin since the country became a major oil producer in the 1960s.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677306/site/newsweek/
* headlong : happening or done very quickly and without careful thought
◇ Because of its *headlong pursuit of nuclear weapons, Pakistan had become the world's most *sanctioned nation after Libya. International aid had dried up. The government was forced to borrow at *exorbitant short-term rates, burdening the country with a crushing $38 billion debt.
(NEWSWEEK,March 27)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/
*** heavy-handed : using too much force or not considering people's feelings enough when dealing with a situation
◇Chinese middle-school students may now groove along to Japanese pop songs, but wartime atrocities are still drummed into their heads in heavy-handed textbooks.(TIME,NOV17,2003,p42)
(Chinese middle-school studentsは今やJapanese pop songsに夢中になっているかもしれないが、戦時中のatrocity【暴虐】はheavy-handed textbooks【高圧的な教科書】の中で彼らの頭の中にたたき込まれる。）
◇Li criticized top leaders and accused the Communist Party of being heavy-handed.(NEWSWEEK,JULY28,2003,p21)
(Liはtop leadersを批判し、Communist Partyがheavy-handed【威圧的である】と非難した。）
◇And Thaksin's *heavy-handed pursuit of the *perpetrators has many southerners feeling like targets.(NEWSWEEK, Feb23,2004,p31)
* heir* : the next person to have a particular job, or to continue someone's work or ideas
◇ In fact, Idei himself represented a discontinuity with Sony's past. Unlike his *predecessor, Norio Ohga, who was the *surrogate son of co-founder Akio Morita, Idei was never viewed as an *heir. Insiders referred to him as the company's first "salary-man CEO," *implying that he was merely a hire and not a family member.
(TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
* hemophilia ：a serious illness that prevents your blood from CLOTTING (=becoming thick) when it should. When you cut yourself, the blood does not stop flowing.
* hemophiliac : someone who has hemophilia
◇Naoto Kan exposed a scandal in which some 2,000 hemophiliacs has been contaminated with the AIDS virus.(NEWSWEEK,SEP22,2003)
（菅直人は、約二千人の血友病患者がAIDS virusにcontaminateされていたというscandalをexpose【暴露】した）
** hermit* : someone who chooses to live alone or spend most of their time alone
◇ If Japan remains at *loggerheads with China and South Korea, that could leave North Asia ill-equipped to defuse what may be the most serious threat of all to regional security: a nuclear North Korea. Six-party talks with the *hermit kingdom have stalled and *bickering among three of the participants certainly won't help them get into gear.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
◇A flow of information from the outside world is changing the *Hermit Kingdom.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
** heyday* : the period of time when a person, idea, or object is most successful or popular
◇He longs for his father's era, the *heyday of Japan Inc., when young adults were whisked directly from college into a womblike corporate career, where they would be sheltered by a paternalistic business culture for life.(TIME,JULY18,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050718-1081429,00.html
◇In the seaside town of Quanzhou in Fujian province, where Nestorian Christians and Manicheans practiced their faiths during the Silk Road's *heyday, one of the city's oldest clans, the Wangs, built a shrine in the 11th century to *honor their family.(Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
* hidebound : not willing to change habits or ideas
◇Crime scholars caution that no one knows why some crimes fall while others *spike. Community policing, *curfews for bars and bright street lights are still indispensable. Yet even the most *hidebound cop knows that the old ways aren't enough.(NEWSWEEK,April 24, 2006,p44)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12334548/site/newsweek/
** hinder* : to stop someone or something from making progress or developing
◇ Yasuo Fukuda, Foreign Minister Taro Aso and Finance Minister Sadakazu Tanikagi are all possible contenders for Koizumi's job. Fukuda is emerging as a pole of the anti-Yasukuni opposition. Yet another hereditary politician with impeccable LDP credentials (his father, Takeo, was prime minister in the 1970s), he's the second most popular candidate within the LDP. He hasn't said that he's campaigning for party president, but he's pretty open about opposing Yasukuni visits, which he's said have "*hindered the development of Japan-China relations."
(NEWSWEEK,Feb6,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11080282/site/newsweek/
◇Yutori is supposed to mean "relaxed," "but ironically it is creating a desperate, inarticulate anxiety among parents," she says. Adds Miyuki Igarashi, a 43-year-old with a son in fourth grade: "Yutori kyoiku *hinders ambition in children. Children give up very easily these days."
(TIME,Mar27,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story3.html
** hinge on/upon something(2003年1級第3回) : to depend on something:
◇ South Korea's election race may *hinge on the nuclear threat from Kim Jung Il.(TIME,DECEM9,2002)
(South Koreaのelection raceはかかっているのかもしれない / 金正日のnuclear threatに。）
◇ At the same time, they are coming to realize that their futures will *hinge not just on commercials but on the lineage of their vines, (NEWSWEEK,LULY26,2004)
* hinterland : an area that is a long way from a town or city
◇With oil prices now more than $70 per bbl., Russia is *awash in cash--and more of it is trickling down to ordinary people in ordinary places. Seven consecutive years of *robust growth--currently about 6% a year after inflation--have transformed the country, giving birth to a consumer class and bringing signs of prosperity to the long-suffering *hinterland.
(TIME,MAY15,2006,p31)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1191848,00.html
* honor : to do what you said you would do or what you promised to do:
Once a contract has been signed, it has to be honored.(Macmillan)
◇They're not actually selling much of their products there because many African nation honor international patent laws.(TIME,SEPT22,2003,p45)
(彼らは実際、そこではmuch of their productsを販売していない/ なぜならばmany African nation は、international patent lawsをhonor【遵守】しているからだ。)
** honor* : to show your respect or admiration for someone, especially by giving them a prize or title, or by praising them publicly
◇In the seaside town of Quanzhou in Fujian province, where Nestorian Christians and Manicheans practiced their faiths during the Silk Road's *heyday, one of the city's oldest clans, the Wangs, built a shrine in the 11th century to *honor their family.(TIME,Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
◇Hayao Miyazaki is living proof that *indigenous storytelling has international appeal. Three of the top five grossing films in Japanese history were produced by Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli. Of those, Spirited Away and Howl's Moving Castle were *honored by the Oscar committee.(TIME,2006,MAY8,p24)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901060327-1174665,00.html
** hostilities [plural] : FORMAL fighting between enemies in a war:
◇Years of hostilities, though, have turned most of the marshes into desert.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE23,2003,p44)
（何年ものhostilities【交戦状態】はしかしながら、湿原の大部分を砂漠に変えた。）
◇More than two decades ago, in his book "The Origins of the Korean War," U.S. professor Bruce Cumings blamed both Washington and Moscow for the outbreak of *hostilities, arguing that Kim was *induced into the war.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept5,2005,p29)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9108628/site/newsweek/
*humble : from a low social class
◇With the rest of the world swamped by Wal-Marts, the *humble \100 shop is all the rage in Japan.(NEWSWEEK,JULY25,AUG1,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8597392/site/newsweek/
*** hunker down :
1)to sit close to the ground on your heels with your knees bent up in front of you: SQUAT
◇For Ariel Sharon and thousands of Israeli troops *hunkered down inside enemy territory, the claim can no longer be taken lightly. (NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2003,p34)
◇ Not too long ago members of a doomsday sect *hunkered down on a local farm and tested a deadly nerve *agent.(NEWSWEEK,Mar8,2004,p20)
2)AMERICAN to wait for a difficult situation to end
◇ Once they have run the gauntlet at the border, Mexicans are *loath to do it again, so they *hunker down, work hard and arrange for the entry of family members still abroad.(NEWSWEEK,Jan19,2004,p29)
* hype(2003年1級第3回) : the use of a lot of advertisements and other PUBLICITY to influence or interest people
◇ Car companies can shift decisively toward hybrids. Despite the *hype, annual hybrid sales this year will amount to a mere 234,000 out of total sales of about 17 million, McManus says; and present production plans would raise that to only about 600,000 by 2009, he projects.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept19,2005,p47)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285514/site/newsweek/
*illicit* : not allowed by the law or rules: ILLEGAL
◇North Koreans are watching Western movies on hidden video players and tuning in to Korean-language broadcasts from the South on *illicit radios. In the border regions, mobile phones are ubiquitous, meaning that some defectors can keep in touch with their families back home.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
* illitrate*： someone who is illiterate cannot read or write
◇Illitrate adults work an average of 19 weeks a year, compared with 44 weeks a year for literates.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT30,2002,p59)
(文盲の成人は平均で年間１９週間働く/ 識字能力のある者が年間４４週働くのに対して）
**imminent* : likely or certain to happen very soon
◇Iraq's troubles just keep getting crueler. The same American officials who used to promise *imminent victory are now saying openly that the insurgency seems likely to continue indefinitely.
(NEWSWEEK,Jan9,2006,p32)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10655555/site/newsweek/
◇ In China scientists are using satellites to track rising lake volumes and will *evacuate villagers if a glacial flash flood seems *imminent. Beijing has invested $24 billion to build a reservoir in Xinjiang province to prevent flooding and to control *rampant water use.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE6,2005)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8018284/site/newsweek/?news_id=24
* immune*(2004年1級第1回) : not influenced or affected by something:
◇Yet China has not been *immune from the tensions that have roiled the world in the past three years. (TIME,Nov15,2004,61)
* immune system* : the system in your body that protects you against diseases
※ They think the drugs may interfere with the development of the immune system.(TIME,OCT27,2003,p52)
(彼らは考える/ drugsがdevelopment of the immune system【免疫組織の発達】にinterfere【干渉】するのかもしれない。）
◇Gut flora help the *immune system *ward off more-dangerous bugs; they break down nutrients; they may even manipulate how the body stores fat. If doctors could control the flora, they might be able to *stave off disease with a completely new toolbox.(NEWSWEEK,Jan23,2006,p43)
* impeachment : the process of formally accusing a public official of committing a serious crime relating to their job
◇ In the Philippines, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo has never come clean about her role in a 2004 vote-rigging scandal despite an opposition-led *impeachment drive and the resignation of key ministers in protest.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p26,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12016837/site/newsweek/
* impeccable*(2005年1級第1回): perfect in every way: FAULTLESS
◇Because we think that higher oil prices caused double-digit inflation in the 1970s, we fear it could happen again. The trouble with this *impeccable logic is that the underlying facts are wrong. High oil prices didn't cause the 1970s' double-digit inflation; they simply made it slightly worse.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov7,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9785344/site/newsweek/
** impede : to make it more difficult for someone to do something or more difficult for something to happen:
◇Japan, for example, is unlikely to allow a stronger yen to impede its recovery.(NEWSWEEK,OCT27,2003,p32)
(たとえば日本が、景気回復を妨げるstronger yen を容認するようには思えない。）
◇In our culture, rules do not *arbitrate the interaction of people; it's people who *arbitrate the application of the rules so that interpersonal relations proceed smoothly, *unimpeded by the law.
(TIME,LULY18,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050718-1081443,00.html
** impediment : FORMAL something that makes it more difficult for someone to do something or more difficult for something to happen:
◇ A third *impediment is China's energy infrastructure, which lacks refineries capable of processing Venezuela's high-sulfur brand of crude. (NEWSWEEK,Feb14,2005,p35)
◇If we fail to prevent an Iranian regime run by apocalyptic fanatics from going nuclear, we will have reached a point of no return. It is not just that Iran might be the source of a great *conflagration but that we will have demonstrated to the world that for those similarly inclined there is no serious *impediment.(TIME,April3,2006)
http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=21843
** imperative* : FORMAL something that is very important and urgent:
◇ There's no ecological *imperatuve behind the introduction of screw caps, either, *given that the total area of cork forests is expanding by about 4% a year.(TIME,April5,2004,p54)
◇There's also the social *imperative: as the population ages, the Japanese are increasingly looking toward robots to help make up the labor shortfall.(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p48)
*****implement* : to make something such as an idea, plan, system, or law start to work and be used: CARRY OUT:
◇The agreement was signed but its recommendations were never implemented.
Attempts to implement change have met with strong opposition.( Macmillan )
Unfortunately, he has not been able to implement these reforms.(TIME,SEP22,2003)
（不幸にして彼は、these reformsをimplementし得てはいない）
◇These policies, if Koizumi can continue implementing them during a second term, may cement his legacy.(TIME,SEPT22,2003)
（これらの政策は、もし小泉が二期目においてもimplementingを継続できればhis legacyを固めるであろう。）
◇Though it won't be fully implemented until later this year, the VMZ has already shown promise in tests.（NEWSWEEK,OCT20,2003)
(今年遅くまで完全実施はされないであろうが、VMZはすでに実験において有望性を示した）
◇In each case, that ideology was not properly implemented or became outdated.(TIME,OCT27,2003,p56)
（それぞれの場合において、そのideologyは適正に実行されず、あるいは時代遅れになった。）
◇Many Japanese educators have likewise started to question their own *assumptions. *Chastened by incidences of teen suicide and school-related stress (and mindful of the need to create a more adaptable workforce at a time of economic restructuring), the Japanese Ministry of Education has, in recent years, *implemented measures in public schools to take emphasis away from rote learning. http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story2.html
* implication : a possible effect or result:
◇ The feat, scheduled to be announced this week, has implications beyond the obscure animal, which is endangered in parts of Africa.(NEWSWEEK, OCT20,2003,p46)
(そのfeat【功績】は今週発表されることになっているが、in parts of Africaで絶滅の危機に瀕する目立たない動物を超えたimplication【影響】がある。）
* imply* : if one thing implies another thing, the other thing is likely to exist or be true
* impose* : to force someone to have the same opinion, belief, etc. as you
◇ America is *intoxicated by its position as the world's only superpower. It wants to *impose its will. But America needs to get over that. It has responsibilities as well as power. I say this as a good friend of America.(TIME,April10,2006,p13)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1179340,00.html
*impoverished : an impoverished person or place is very poor
◇To southerners, North Koreans may be brothers from another planet (as the International Crisis Group put it), but they are brothers just the same, *impoverished relations deserving help, not international censure and isolation.(TIME,MAY23,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050523-1061555,00.html
**inadvertently*(2005年1級第1回) : not deliberately, and without realizing what you are doing: ACCIDENTALLY
◇ Illegal immigration has increased and if anything, NAFTA has *inadvertently fueled immigration by encouraging foreign investment near the U.S.-Mexican border, which in turn serves as a magnet for workers in central and southern Mexico.
(NEWSWEEK,March 27, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11904430/site/newsweek/
◇Russian president Vladimir Putin has *inadvertently spotlighted one of today's momentous mysteries: collapsing birthrates in industrialized countries. Putin proposed that Russia pay women to have children to remedy a "critical" population outlook.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006,p35)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12888599/site/newsweek/
* inaugurate : to open a new building or start a new organization with an official ceremony: OPEN
◇In a recent speech while *inaugurating a Dell call center in Manila, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo predicted that up to 2 million Filipinos will be employed in such places by 2010.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12893038/site/newsweek/
****** incentive* : something that makes you want to do something or to work harder, because you know that you will benefit by doing this:
◇What incentive would there be for the old to make way for the young if people never physically aged?(NEWSWEEK,NOV3,2003,p42)
（どんなincentive【動機】があり得るだろう/ the oldがthe youngに道を譲る/もし人間がけっしてphysicallyに年をとらないなら。）
◇In addition, the government is offering tax incentives to small-and mediumsize firms that hire recent college graduates.(それに加えて政府は、tax incentivesをofferしている/ recent college graduatesを雇用する中小企業に対して）
◇ In December, the government passed three legislative bills that will speed up capital relocation and promote provincial schools and industries through tax and other incentives. (NEWSWEEK,Feb23,2004,p30)
◇ If the Sunnis end up with no representatives, they will have even less *incentive to support the new Iraqi order.(NEWSWEEK,Sept20,2004,p13)
◇The city was clean, leafy, uncongested and offered financial *incentives to businesses. Many firms grabbed them and turned the southern city into a symbol of India's low-cost tech *prowess.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept. 27,2004)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6038643/site/newsweek/
◇Seoul, eager for closer ties with Pyongyang, is likely to offer financial *incentives for companies to invest in Kaesung. And the zone has an inescapable economic logic: cheap labor plus *proximity makes for an attractive alternative to locating plants in China.(NEWSWEEK,Sept19,2005,p43)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285506/site/newsweek/
◇With few *incentives for factory managers and local officials to do the right thing and even fewer disincentives to do the wrong thing, environmental officials face an uphill battle.
(TIME,Dec5,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501051205-1134809,00.html
* inclination : a feeling that you want to do something
◇Just as important, Hamas itself has shown little *inclination to change its ways. "We don't have any opposition to holding a dialogue with any party, especially with the United States," says Hassan Yousef, a leading Hamas figure. "But I'm not ready to pay a price for this dialogue by sacrificing our right to resist the occupation and to change our policies."(NEWSWEEK,JUNE20,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8185330/site/newsweek/page/2/
* incorporate : to add or include something as a part of something else, for example as a part of an arrangement or a document: INCLUDE:
◇ In New York, no fewer than seven productions currently *incorporate cooking into performances. (NEWSWEEK,JULY5,2004,p47)
* incremental : increasing gradually
◇If Burma's military *junta had an *incrementally gentler side, it was personified by General Khin Nyunt. No one would call him a liberal in the Western sense?he headed the dictatorship's military intelligence service?but diplomats from the outside world considered him more *pragmatic and less *xenophobic than the country's *paramount leader, General Than Shwe. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
*** incumbent* ： someone who has an official position:
◇In democracies, incumbents face the electorate with no choice but to defend their record.
(TIME,SEPT22,2003)
（民主主義において、incumbent【現職】がelectorate【選挙民】に向かい合うにあたってはtheir recordをdefendするchoiceしかない。）
◇Korea has perhaps the world's highest political turn-over rate. A very high percentage of incumbents are voted out of office regularly in local, provincial and national elections. In the 2004 parliamentary elections, for example, only one third of those elected to the National Assembly were incumbents?the lowest number in recent memory, say experts.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE5,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13007804/site/newsweek/
◇As candidates *espousing Chavez-style populism have *plummeted in the polls in Mexico and Peru, their camps have tried to distance themselves from the Venezuelan leader. Elsewhere, *incumbent presidents like Alvaro Uribe in Colombia and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in Brazil have won *plaudits as economic managers, and look likely to be reelected.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006,p23,That Chavez Thing Is Over)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892228/site/newsweek/
*** indefinitely* : for a period of time that has no fixed end:
◇ Israel cannot remain a democracy and rule millions of Palestinians against their will *indefinitely.(NEWSWEEK,JULY19,2004,p11)
◇ Jang's friends worry that his shadowy, *limbo existance could drag on *indefinitely.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p39)
◇We may be close to a critical economic juncture. It's the moment when America's frenzied consumers *relinquish their role as "locomotive" for the rest of the world. All our spending and borrowing have juiced the U.S. economy and, through swelling trade deficits, the global economy. We know this buying binge can't continue forever. Families and nations can't *indefinitely overspend their incomes by ever-increasing amounts. (NEWSWEEK,March 6, 2006 )
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11567353/site/newsweek/
** indigenous*(2005年1級第1回) : indigenous people lived in a place for a very long time before other people came to live there
◇Once in the city, these militants easily mix into Karachi's *indigenous subculture of political and *sectarian militancy, team-ing up with local outfits to sow even more destruction.(NEWSWEEK,2004,Aug2,p28)
◇Hayao Miyazaki is living proof that *indigenous storytelling has international appeal. Three of the top five grossing films in Japanese history were produced by Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli. Of those, Spirited Away and Howl's Moving Castle were *honored by the Oscar committee.(TIME,2006,MAY8,p24)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901060327-1174665,00.html
* indoctrinate* :
** induce someone to do something : to persuade someone to do something, especially something that you think is wrong or stupid:
◇ The militarization of the Mexican border did not raise the probability of *apprehending undocumented Mexicans, reduce their numbers or *induce those in America to go home.(NEWSWEEK,Jan19,2004,p29)
◇More than two decades ago, in his book "The Origins of the Korean War," U.S. professor Bruce Cumings blamed both Washington and Moscow for the outbreak of *hostilities, arguing that Kim was *induced into the war.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept5,2005,p29)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9108628/site/newsweek/
* infatuation : a strong feeling of love that seems silly, especially because you do not know the other person very well
◇It is in America's long-term interest to *foster the development of a successful and modern Islamic state that would become an alternative *beacon to replace the current *infatuation with Osama bin Laden. (TIME,Nov15,2004,p55)
*infertile : not physically able to have children
◇In the summer of 2003, leaders of the region stopped *inoculations after rumers spread that the vaccine could transmit AIDS and *render girls *infertile.(TIME,May16,2005)
***** infiltrate* : to secretly join an organization or go into a place in order to find out information about it or damage it:
◇ The plan aimed to enhance security against terrorist *infiltrations, but will have little effect in *curbing attacks deep inside the occupied territories.(NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2003,p34)
◇Hundreds of operatives whose jobs were to infiltrate "subversive" groups, including labor unions, now have a more prosaic mission.(TIME,JUNE16,2003)
(労働組合を含む「破壊活動団体」へのinfiltrate【潜入】を仕事としていた何百人という工作員が、いまはもっとprosaic mission【平凡な任務】についている。）
◇The problem is particularly acute in Colombia, where government agencies are routinely infiltrated by drug loads and right-wing paramilitary groups.(NEWSWEEK,JULY14,2003,p25)
(その問題はColombiaにおいて特にacute【深刻】である / government agenciesが日常的に麻薬の大物やright-wing paramilitary groups【右翼準軍事集団】に潜入されている。）
◇Cubaynes' family has been gathering truffles since the 1850s, searching for the fungi under the shade of oak trees. He says dealers in Chinese truffles have even *infiltrated the center of French truffle production. (TIME,FEB21,2005)
◇Also in 2005, South Korea faced the biggest exam-cheating scandal in its history when officials realized that the previous fall's national college-entrance exam, the CSAT, had been *infiltrated by more than 20 cheating rings across the country; they had text-messaged exam answers to paying students taking the test. (NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
***** influx* : a large number of people or things coming to a particular place:
◇The massive influx has the country's Jewish communities bursting at the seams.(NEWSWEEK,JULY14,2003,p24)]
(massive influx【大量の流入】はその国のJewish communitiesをはち切れんばかりにいっぱいにしてた。）
◇Beijing cracked down on the influx in 2001, and this year China has beefed up border security to what one local professor calls “an unusual, abnormal degree”.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT8,2003,p27)
(中国政府はinflux【流入】を２００１年に取り締まり/今年国境警備を増強した/one local professorの呼ぶところによれば「普通ではなく、abnormalな程度に」）
◇ In August, China began replacing the armed police who used to guard the border with People's Liberation Army soldiers, *presumably to *stem the *influx of North Koreans.(TIME,Nov24,2003,p35)
◇And with an *influx of Western nonprofit organizations into China, Western notions of *altruism have also filtered in, making it more acceptable to reach out to strangers.
(NEWSWEEK,LULY25,Aug1,2005)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8598730/site/newsweek/
◇The Latino *influx has *rankled many longtime residents, who say the arrivals have depressed wages in some sectors. "I'm working for $6 an hour!" yelled one African-American man at Mayor Ray Nagin's first town-hall meeting last month. (NEWSWEEK,Dec262005,Jan22006,p44)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10218343/site/newsweek/from/RSS/
* ingenious* : an ingenious plan, piece of equipment, etc. uses new and clever ideas
* ingenuity* : the ability to solve problems in new and clever ways
◇Dating can be tough even under ordinary circumstances?and nothing in Iraq is close to ordinary. Going out takes all the determination, *ingenuity and nerve that a young couple can muster. (NEWSWEEK,Nov. 14, 2005 issue p23)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9937612/site/newsweek/
* ingredient : one of the things that give something its character or make it effective:
◇ The largest ingredient in current oil prices has been a massive increase in demand. (NEWSWEEK,Sept6/Sept13,2004,p13)
* inhibit : to make it difficult for a process to start or continue in a normal way
* initiate : FORMAL to make something start
◇The 13 men were among 4,000 whites who lost their farms in a disastrous land-reform program *initiated six years ago by President Robert Mugabe. Now Nigeria's president, Olusegun Obasanjo, is *harnessing the *expertise of these Zimbabwean castoffs to revive Nigeria's commercial agriculture, which has fallen into ruin since the country became a major oil producer in the 1960s.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677306/site/newsweek/
**** initiative* : an important action that is intended to solve a problem:
◇ If you don't think idealists get things done, meet Dr. Jim Yong Kim. The 44-year-old Harvard physician has spent the past two decades *launching improbable health *initiatives in poor countries?and *defying predictions of failure.
(NEWSWEEK, Dec272003/Jan52004, p72)
◇ Despite the support of community leaders, the surveillance plan was stopped by a vocal *bipartisan coalition of liberals and conservatives suspicious of government power in all forms. The same bipartisan coalition in America has also blocked other post-9/11 security *initiatives. (NEWSWEEK,Mar8,2004,p45)
◇ As part of its Lisbon *initiative, Brussels last year established SOLVIT, a Europewide service to help EU citizens with mobility issues and *red tape, and introduced an EU-wide health insurance card for temporary workers. (NEWSWEEK,Nov1,2004,p48)
◇To be sure, there is little prospect that these *initiatives will be approved in the near future. The Bush administration remains preoccupied by the *quagmire in Iraq and mushrooming fiscal and trade deficits. The Canadian prime minister lacks a working majority in Parliament, and Mexico is heading into a presidential election this summer that will choose Vicente Fox's successor.(NEWSWEEK,March 27, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11904430/site/newsweek/page/3/
* innocuous : not likely to offend or upset anyone:
◇ Even seemingly innocuous practices are responsible for vast ecological damage.(NEWSWEEK,Mar29,2004,p49)
* inoculate : to protect someone against a particular disease by INJECTING a medicine containing a small amount of the disease into them, so that their body becomes IMMUNE to it: IMMUNIZE, VACCINATE
◇In the summer of 2003, leaders of the region stopped *inoculations after rumers spread that the vaccine could transmit AIDS and *render girls infertile.(TIME,May16,2005)
* inscription : a piece of writing written or cut on or in something, especially as a record of an achievement or in order to honor someone
◇There are no oil wells in Kaluga, no gold mines, no rich mineral deposits. In fact, until recently there was very little in this town (pop. 345,000) other than some run-down farms, a distillery that produces *mediocre vodka, a big statue of a Soviet rocket-science pioneer and a war-era T-34 tank monument that still bears the *inscription FOR STALIN AND THE MOTHERLAND.
(TIME,MAY15,2006,p31)
***** insurgency* : an attempt by a group of people to take control of their country by force
◇Does anyone think that such a ragtag military could beat the *insurgency where American troops are failing?(NEWSWEEK,NOV10,2003,p11)
(そのようなragtag military【寄せ集めの軍隊】に、米軍が失敗しているinsurgency【反乱】の鎮圧ができると思う者がいるだろうか？）
◇The occupation can survive an *insurgency, but it cannot survive 10 countrywide protest marches with thousands chanting "Colonialists go home!"(NEWSWEEK, Jan26,2004,p13)
◇ After the creation of the *interim Iraqi government in June, many hoped that the *insurgency would die down. It hasn't. Today it appears more organized, *entrenched and aggressive than ever.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept20,2004,p13)
◇The country has made strides: it has an elected government, newly paved roads, more children in school, the appearance of a few shopping centers in Kabul. But the improvements in the lives of many Afghans are *tempered by the country's persistent insecurity, which is fueled by a *rampant drug trade and a Taliban-led *insurgency growing more brazen, sophisticated and lethal. （TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
◇The 48-year-old Karzai has been running Afghanistan for four and a half years. He became the country's first democratically elected president in a landslide victory two years ago. But with the southern part of the country racked by a *mounting Taliban *insurgency, and economic progress slow and spotty at best, Afghans seem to be turning on their once popular leader. (NEWSWEEK,June 12, 2006,A Violent Wake-Up Call)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
****** insurgent* : someone who belongs to a group of people fighting to take control of their country by force
◇Months later, when conflict with India *loomed, he *succumbed to U.S. pressure to stop sending *insurgents into the Indian-controlled part of Kashmir, easing the threat of war in the disputed territory.(TIME, Jan12,2004,p17)
◇ Villages that are neutral of friendly benifit from aid. Those that haven't given up weapons or that *abet the *insurgents receive none. (TIME, Mar29,2004)
◇India's *porous border with Burma, which is *exploited by *insurgents on both sides, is bound to be discussed during Than Shwe's five-day visit to New Delhi this week.(TIME,Nov1,2004p39)
◇The guerrilla war between the United States and *insurgents continues, with mounting clashes and *casualties.(NEWSWEEK,Sept20,2004,p13)
◇"We are building roads and developing infrastructure so that huge mineral resources in the province can be *tapped," says Rashid. He says the *insurgents oppose development, and are killing engineers and laborers working on infrastructure projects.(NEWSWEEK,Jan. 16, 2006 issue )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10756815/site/newsweek/
◇*Emboldened Taliban members are increasingly visible in villages, preaching in mosques in hopes of taking advantage of peasants' frustrations. A Taliban spokesman *boasted to NEWSWEEK last week that the *insurgents are getting more weapons, more recruits and that "any fear the people may have had of helping the Taliban has vanished."(NEWSWEEK,p28,2006) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
*integration* : the process of becoming a full member of a group or society, and becoming involved completely in its activities
◇Paradoxically, Moscow's attempts to punish its *wayward neighbor may push Georgia further into the arms of the West. "Life has forced us to choose a course towards *integration into international organizations such as NATO and the European Union," says Noghaideli.
(NEWSWEEK,May8,p25)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554101/site/newsweek/page/2/
** interim : intended to last or perform an activity only until someone or something permanent or final is available:
◇There is some good news coming out of Iraq. The *interim government has the support of a majority of Iraqis.(NEWSWEEK,JULY5,2004)
◇ After the creation of the *interim Iraqi government in June, many hoped that the *insurgency would die down. It hasn't. Today it appears more organized, *entrenched and aggressive than ever.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept20,2004,p13)
* intermediary : someone who talks to each of the people or groups involved in something, usually passing information from one to the other or trying to persuade them to agree with each other
◇Like their Hizbullah *role models, Palestinian guerrillas have steadily improved both their tactics and their weaponry. Some of the arms and *ammunition have been *smuggled in from abroad, possibly with the help of Hizbullah *intermediaries.(NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2002,p34)
** interrogate* : to ask someone, for example a prisoner or criminal, a lot of questions in order to get information, in an angry or threatening way:
◇Then, as journalists began to report on the mounting military atrocities against civilians, several reporters - Indonesian and foreign - were interrogated by police or army, and at least three received death threats.(TIME,JUNE9,2003)
(それから、journalistsが民間人に対するmilitary atrocities【軍の暴虐】の増加を報道し始めると、several reporters（インドネシア人も外国人も含む）はpolice or armyにinterrogate【尋問】され、少なくとも三人がdeath threatsを受けた。）
◇The agency's interrogators beat him with a metal pipe, screaming at him to confess that he'd been sent by Pyongyang to foment revolution.(TIME,JUNE16,2003,)
(その機関の尋問者はa metal pipeで彼を殴打し、自供するよう叫んだ/ 革命をfoment【助ける】ために北朝鮮政府から送られたと。）
*intoxicate : LITERARY feeling so excited or happy about something that you cannot think clearly
◇ America is *intoxicated by its position as the world's only superpower. It wants to *impose its will. But America needs to get over that. It has responsibilities as well as power. I say this as a good friend of America.(TIME,April10,2006,p13)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1179340,00.html
* inundate : to send or provide much more of something than someone can easily deal with
*invoke : to mention a law, principle, or idea in order to support an argument or to explain an action
◇Politicians in Estonia, including former Prime Minister Juhan Parts, have *invoked a 1982 U.N. convention on sea rights and advocated extending the tiny nation's territorial waters to prevent the pipeline's progress.
(NEWSWEEK,Jan. 23, 2006 issue )http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10854978/site/newsweek/
* irrelevance : [count] something that is not important or necessary to a particular situation or subject:
◇ Facing irrelevance, the hard-core radicals turned to violence, hoping to gain attention and *adherents by daring acts of bloodshed. Thus the *proliferation of terror by groups like the Red Brigades and the Baader-Meinhof gang. (NEWSWEEK,2004,Mar22,p15)
**** irrigate** : to bring water to land through a system of pipes, DITCHES, etc. in order to make crops grow
◇ The new budget has *earmarked nearly $2 billion for rural development, mostly to improve roads and bridges in the countryside, and some $1 billion for *irrigation schemes. (NEWSWEEK,2005,Mar14,p43)
◇Hatty, the oldest member of the group, emigrated as a boy with his parents from London to British-ruled Rhodesia. In the early 1960s he bought 1,600 acres near Harare, invested heavily in irrigation and built a profitable commercial farm. (March 13, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677306/site/newsweek/
◇Barely 1 percent of the country's *arable land is *irrigated, and peasant farmers remain almost entirely dependent on rainfall to survive. "We have wasted almost every drop of water we have," says Fidelis Mgowa, a rural-development expert with Catholic Relief Services in Blantyre.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov14,p29,2005)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9938334/site/newsweek/page/2/
◇In the insurgency-racked south, poor villagers wonder where even that development money went. Mostly because of security issues, ethnic Pashtun farmers have seen little construction of roads, irrigation canals, clinics and schools.
(NEWSWEEK,June 12, 2006,A Violent Wake-Up Call)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
* jibe : AMERICAN if two things jibe, they agree or contain similar information
◇Zhou now donates a chunk of his earnings to build new Tibetan Buddhist temples in western China, and has imparted the Buddha's teachings to his business partners. *Tempering a capitalist impulse with a quest for inner peace *jibes with the Chinese government's own shift from a development model based mainly on high GDP-growth rates to one in which overall quality of life is also taken into consideration. (TIME,Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
**juggernaut : something that is very powerful, especially something that has a bad effect
◇The politics of China bashing is misplaced for two other reasons: as long as the U.S. must trade with someone to make up for its own savings shortfall, it is to the advantage of American consumers to have access to low-cost, high-quality Chinese products. Moreover, China's export *juggernaut is not what it appears to be.
(TIME,MAY16,2006,p23)http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501050516/china_viewpoint.html
◇But to make the party *viable, Ozawa has more serious work to do than maintain unity and continuity. He must now transform the DPJ from an organization with a very large and fractured *platform into a focused campaign-victory *juggernaut.(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
*** junta* : a group of military officers that governs a country, usually without having been elected
◇ By sacking Prime Minister Khin Nyunt, the junta abandans even the pretense of a more liberal future.(TIME, Nov1,2004,p39)
◇If Burma's military *junta had an incrementally gentler side, it was personified by General Khin Nyunt. (incremental = increasing gradually)(TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
◇International condemnation of Burma *stems from 1990, when pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy, or NLD, won national elections in a landslide, but the *junta refused to *relinquish power and *rounded up opposition figures.(NEWSWEEK,Mar21,2005,p22)
* jurisdiction : a country or area in which a particular legal system operates
◇ The police attribute the breakdown in security to a *plague familiar to law-enforcement officials around the world: drugs. Helmand's police oversee a sizable and dangerous *jurisdiction--mountains to the north, desert and a long border with Pakistan to the south--in which opium traffickers and Taliban militants have struck up a marriage of mutual convenience.
（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
*keep something at bay : to prevent something serious, dangerous, or unpleasant from affecting you:
◇No one is suggesting that a crossword puzzle a day will *keep senility at bay or that somehow it's your fault if your mental capacity fails. But *given how quickly the average age of Americans is rising and how much the risk of dementia leaps with advancing years, finding anything that delays cognitive decline even a little would be of enormous value.(TIME,Jan8,2006,p50)
* kin : all the people in your family
◇ Such Koreans don't think that their northern cousins would detonate nuclear weapons on their own kins.(TIME,JAN13,2003)
（Such Koreansは考えない / their northern cousins が血族に 向けてnuclear weapons を爆発させるとは。）
* lackluster(2004年1級第2回) : not lively, exciting, or impressive: UNINSPIRED
◇Roh needs all the help he can get, with his Uri party expected to perform poorly in this month's local elections, mostly because of the *lackluster economy.(NEWSWEEK,May8,p26)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554163/site/newsweek/
**lag : to not be as successful or advanced as other organizations or groups
◇China welcomes the trade with the North as a way of promoting economic growth in its three northeastern provinces, which have long *lagged behind more *vibrant southern China.(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p23) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
◇The most dependable way to boost rural incomes, say experts, is to grant farmers the rights to buy, sell and mortgage their land. Without such long-term property-rights guarantees, Chinese farmers will continue to *lag far behind economically.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
** lambast* : to criticize someone angrily, especially in a newspaper article or speech
◇The advantage and *drawback of democracies are that, in the middle of wars, we get to have a bloody, impassioned, rhetorically charged, knockdown bare-knuckled fight over who will run the country. We get to *lambaste a President, his military failures, his *rationale for fighting, his domestic policies and any number of other things.(TIME,Nov15,2004)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1101041115-750785,00.html
◇ Musharraf was quick to lash back. After Bush left Islamabad, he blasted Karzai in a ?CNN interview, *lambasting the Afghan leader for being "totally *oblivious" to what was going on in Pakistan.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar20,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786789/site/newsweek/
* languish(2004年1級第3回) : to fail to be successful or to improve
◇Hypnosis was first used as a surgical anesthetic in India in 1845 but was quickly abandoned with the introduction of ether the following year. The practice *languished for decades, becoming, at least in the public eye, little more than a parlor trick. In 1958 it was sanctioned by the American Medical Association for use in medicine and dentistry. (TIME,Mar27,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1174707,00.html
* lapse : a short or temporary period when you fail or forget to do things in the right way
◇Viral Genetics also bears some of the blame for ethical *lapses. All drug firms working in China should hire outside experts to monitor procedures, says Xiaomei Li Reckford, the local CEO for Quintiles, a clinical-research organization that specializes in conducting human trials.
(NEWSWEEK,April 11/18,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7370062/site/newsweek/?rf=nwnewsletter
*** launch* : to start a major activity such as a military attack, a public INVESTIGATION, or a new career or project:
◇ Palestinian militants launch deadly attacks on soldiers and settlers, forcing some new thinking by Israel’s leaders. (NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2002,p34)
◇ If you don't think idealists get things done, meet Dr. Jim Yong Kim. The 44-year-old Harvard physician has spent the past two decades *launching improbable health *initiatives in poor countries?and *defying predictions of failure. (NEWSWEEK, Dec272003/Jan52004, p72)
◇ In June financial regulators *launched a *probe into such transactions that led to the announcement last Wednesday of charges against 124 people for various violations, and the investigation is still underway.(NEWSWEEK,Sept30,2004,p44)
** lavish : to give someone a lot of something, for example money, love, or attention
◇The attention lavished on Hwang's lab has helped attract billions of dollars in venture-capital investment to biotech start-ups. Macrogen, a DNA analysis and sequencing company, was the first biomedical firm to list on Kosdaq, the Korean exchange of technology stocks.(NEWSWEEK,Jan9,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10682397/site/newsweek/
◇Sara's secret passion is a 1-year-old pooch named Pugster. The twentysomething Malaysian businesswoman, who declined to give her family name because many in her *predominantly Islamic country believe canines are unclean, rarely takes her pet outdoors and hides him in the kitchen when certain friends visit. Yet that doesn't stop Sara, a Muslim, from *lavishing her pedigree pug with goodies from a Kuala Lumpur pet shop, or counting him a better companion than her ex-husband.(NEWSWEEK,Feb. 13, 2006 )
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11178538/site/newsweek/
* lax : not paying enough attention to rules, or not caring enough about quality or safety:
◇ Similar *cutting-edge work is being done in countries like China and Israel, also with *lax rules.(NEWSWEEK,Mar1,2004,p45)
* leverage*： the power to make someone do what you want
◇Besides its historical ties to the Hermit Kingdom, China has powerful leverage.
(NEWSWEEK,AUG25,SEPT1,2003)
（Hermit Kingdom【隠遁王国】とのhistorical ties に加えて、Chinaにはpowerful leverage【強い影響力】がある。
*levy : to officially request payment of a tax
◇What's more, the goods brought to the South aren't *levied with import tariffs because the trade is seen as internal. Shinwon says that it plans to triple production at Kaesung.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept19,2005,p43)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285506/site/newsweek/
* liability* : someone or something that causes problems for someone
◇Kim Jaebum, a professor of diplomacy at Yonsei University in Seoul, says the liberal President has been widely perceived as soft on Japan?a political *liability at a time when his *beleaguered Uri party is preparing for hotly contested local elections in May.
(TIME,May. 01, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060508-1189390,00.html
* limbo : a situation or state where you are not certain and you have to wait to find out what will happen next:
◇ Jang's friends worry that his shadowy, *limbo existance could *drag on *indefinitely.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p39)
* lingering : lasting for a long time, especially when this is unpleasant or not necessary:
◇ To expand job-heavy industries like construction, manufacturing and retail would require pushing ahead with politically *unpalatable reforms, encouraging more foreign investment?and putting an end to *lingering socialist ideas.(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p22)
* literacy : the ability to read and write:
◇The situation is also *dire in West Bengal and Kerala, where communist governments have increased the *literacy rate but *fostered strong labor unions that have *stifled employment growth.(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p22)
* loath : very unwilling to do something: RELUCTANT:
◇ Once they have run the gauntlet at the border, Mexicans are *loath to do it again, so they *hunker down, work hard and arrange for the entry of family members still abroad.(NEWSWEEK,Jan19,2004,p29)
*** loathe : to dislike someone or something very much: DETEST
◇Fattoush, a traditional Arab dish made of bread and vegetable leftovers, takes on deeper significance when Fadi, an Arab boy, describes how it has become a *staple in his diet since the second intifada; at the same time he has come to *loathe Greek salad, considered ultratrendy among Israelis.(NEWSWEEK,JULY5,2004,p47)
◇Thanks to a new technique called reverse genetics, researchers were able to create a vaccine *strain from the H5N1 virus in record time?yet the candidate vaccine is just now entering clinical trials, because drug companies have been *loathe to invest in a vaccine that may never be used, and governments have been reluctant to fully fund the work.
(TIME,Dec13,2004)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041213-880311,00.html
◇Han converted to capitalism and began to work for human rights in the communist North. Today, he runs a Web site dedicated to helping North Korean refugees and exposing Pyongyang's atrocities. Last week he participated in a North Korean human-rights campaign in Washington along with the kind of U.S. neocons he once *loathed.(NEWSWEEK,MAY8,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554163/site/newsweek/page/2/
◇Politicians are not very popular anywhere these days. But in South Korea, they are truly *loathed. Two weeks ago opposition Grand National Party (GNP) leader Park Geun Hye, daughter of the former dictator Park Chung Hee, was attacked by a 50-year-old man *wielding a box cutter while she was making a campaign appearance in Seoul on behalf of another candidate.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE5,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13007804/site/newsweek/
* at loggerheads (with someone): disagreeing very strongly with someone
◇ If Japan remains at *loggerheads with China and South Korea, that could leave North Asia ill-equipped to defuse what may be the most serious threat of all to regional security: a nuclear North Korea. Six-party talks with the *hermit kingdom have stalled and *bickering among three of the participants certainly won't help them get into gear.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
****** loom* : if something unpleasant or difficult looms, it seems likely to happen soon:
◇ There are looming problems on the international front too.(TIME,SPT22,2003,p45)
(looming problems【迫り来る問題】が、国際戦線にもある）
◇Months later, when conflict with India *loomed, he *succumbed to U.S. pressure to stop sending *insurgents into the Indian-controlled part of Kashmir, easing the threat of war in the disputed territory.(TIME, Jan12,2004,p17)
◇ Anecdotal evidence of a looming crisis in biodiversity is now being reinforced by science.(NEWSWEEK,Mar29,2004,p49)
◇ Shahzad Arshad, a leading apparel exporter in Pakistan, says he fears a disaster looms for his industry. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p37)
◇There's also *looming concern about just how much more oil Mexico has. Cantarell, the largest oilfield in the country, is thought to be reaching maximum capacity.
(Nov. 8,2004,NEWSWEEK)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6370139/site/newsweek/
◇Many in Bangalore now worry that there is a new economic crisis *looming: China. This fear may well prove to be baseless and in time, China could become a vast new market for Indian software companies.(TIME,April18,p27)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047545,00.html
◇With an April by-election *looming, voters still don't know where the party stands on important issues?nor do many of its members. That's because efforts to forge internal consensus among *diverse factions have left the DPJ manifesto vague and *diluted.(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
* loot* : to steal things from houses or stores during a war or after a DISASTER such as a fire or flood
◇With Iraqi prisons looted and destroyed, captives are jailed in barbed-wire compounds, converted warehouses and vast tent camps.(NEWSWEEK,AUG18,2003,p17)
(Iraqi prisonsは略奪され破壊されているため、とらわれた者は鉄条網の建物や転用された倉庫、そして巨大なテントのキャンプに入れられる。）
***** lucrative* ：bringing a lot of money: PROFITABLE:
◇Others like Kumar say the knockoff trade is hard to resist because it's *lucrative.(TIME,0CT6,2003,p43)
( Kumarのような者は言う/ knockoff trade【模造品商売】はresistし難い/ lucrativeだからだ。）
◇Several hundred intelligence officers were also *detained throughout the country, and businesses under military-intelligence control, including the *lucrative black markets on the borders, have been shuttered or taken over by the junta. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
◇*Diversification and increased productivity are what ITC is promoting with its computer program, which seeks to increase farmers' yields, raise their income and boost their confidence to try their hands at more *lucrative crops.(NEWSWEEK,Mer14, 2005, p42)
◇The good news is that Western drugmakers are *clamoring to begin clinical trials of new drugs on the mainland. China offers them a means of doing expensive trials on the cheap, and the possibility of a potentially *lucrative market for new drugs, which by some estimates will be worth $50 billion in five years. (NEWSWEEK, April 11/18 issue 2005, p76)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7370062/site/newsweek/
◇These days China is reeling from an HIV and AIDS epidemic that could infect 10 million people by the end of the decade, the United Nations says. The good news is that Western drugmakers are *clamoring to begin clinical trials of new drugs on the mainland. China offers them a means of doing expensive trials on the cheap, and the possibility of a potentially *lucrative market for new drugs, which by some estimates will be worth $50 billion in five years.
(NEWSWEEK,April 11/18 ,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7370062/site/newsweek/?rf=nwnewsletter
*lukewarm : not very enthusiastic or interested
◇North Korea originally wanted to develop along its borders with China and Russia. But the much-heralded Najin-Sunbong and Shinuijoo development projects failed due to *lukewarm responses from those two countries, where unskilled labor was already relatively cheap.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept19,2005,p43)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285506/site/newsweek/
*lust : great enthusiasm for something
◇In many ways, gold *lust is a relic of the bad old India?an India of weak investor rights and shaky financial systems, where people distrusted banks and the stock market and preferred to store their wealth in *tangible assets, chiefly gold and property.(TIME,Jan16,2006,p38)
* maim : to injure someone seriously, especially permanently:
◇ At present more than 100 million land mines are *deployed in 90 countries, and they kill or *maim 40 to 55 people per day on average, according to Red Cross and RAND Corporation estimates.(NEWSWEEK, Jan12, 2004)
* make a killing : INFORMALto make a lot of money very quickly
◇ There was no evidence of foul play in the sale of the power equipment plant, but if the new owner were to scrap the factory and *make a killing, the workers wanted decent payouts. (TIME,April1,2002,p27)
* makeshift : made using whatever is available and therefore not very good:
◇ The makeshift barn attached to his house shelters a few pigs, goats and a cow, as well as chickens and rabbits for the pot.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE7/JULY14,2004,p22)
* malign : to say unpleasant things about someone, usually unfairly:
◇ Although the late Mao Zeodong maligned psychiatry as a bourgeois discipline, the current government will have to pour more money into the field if they want to recitify a growing imbalance: psychiatric ailments that account for one fifth of China's public-health burden now receive only 2 percent of the health budget.(NEWSWEEK,Nov24,2003,p33)
* malignant : MEDICAL spreading or developing in a way that is not normal and is dangerous
* mandate : FORMAL an official order to do something:
◇ Other than a few neoconservatives, who cannot bear to utter the word “United Nations”everyone understands that more troops can only come in the form of a multinational force under U.N. mandate.(NEWSWEEK, Sept8, 2003, p13)
◇On the *verge of bankruptcy, Nissan was one of the first to hand over the keys to a foreigner. Carlos Ghosn arrived in Tokyo in April 1999, with a *mandate from Renault to repair the damage by whatever means necessary.(TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
****** mandatory* : ordered by a law or rule:
◇ He even pushed successfully for *mandatory drug testing for chess players - part of an effort to make chess an Olympic sport.(NEWSWEEK,JAN20,2003,p49)
(彼は、chess playersに対する強制的なdrug testing を推進して成功さえしている、それはチェスをOlympic sportにしようという努力の一環である。）
◇ In response, the Thai Army is considering running a mandatory "patriotic youth" program for young Muslim men to promote nationalism.(NEWSWEEK,Feb23,p31,2004)
◇ Late last year, the Congress-led coalition government passed a bill that would make it *mandatory for private educational institutions to reserve at least 22.5 percent of their seats for poor, minority students?including Dalits (untouchables), tribals and other lower castes.(NEWSWEEK,Jan23,p27)
◇During *mandatory national-team training, such as the session in Jiangmen last month, China's tennis stars must sweat through seven hours of practice a day. Coaches, most of whom never played competitively on an international level themselves, rely on monotonous drills to keep the women in shape.(TIME,Jan16,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060116-1147212,00.html
◇Once a social-policy adviser to the then Prime Minister Zhu Rongji, Kang hopes to see Confucian education become mandatory for all schoolchildren.
(NEWSWEEK March 20, 2006,p21)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11788162/site/newsweek/
◇Some complain that they have to pay the equivalent of a $15 bribe simply to get a *mandatory national identity card, in a country where the average annual income is less than $800. (NEWSWEEK,p28,2006) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
* manipulate : to influence someone or control something in a clever or dishonest way:
◇ Bangladeshi exporter Ghulam Faruq believes, like many others, that China *manipulates its currency to keep it undervalued against the U.S. dollar, thereby making its exports cheaper than Bangladesh's. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p38)
** manual : involving the use of your hands:
◇ Although many men and children come for short stints of begging or manual labor before returning home with full bellies and a bit of cash, most North Korean women come to China for new lives.(TIME, Nov24,2003,p34)
◇ Unemployment has been at historic lows in recent years, so there's very little *elasticity in the labor market. That adds up to ample opportunities for immigrants prepared to do *manual labor and *menial jobs.(NEWSWEEK,Dec15,2003,p26)
* mar : to spoil something
◇But Escriva's path to sainthood was marred by charges that the Vatican refused to hear testimony from his critics.(NEWSWEEK,OCT20,2003.p32)
（しかし、Escrivaの聖人への道は汚点がつけられた/ Vatican が testimony from his criticsを聞くのを拒んだという非難によって）
* martial law : direct control of a country or area by the military
◇ Within hours of the Jan. 4 attacks, parts of Narathiwat and the majority-Muslim provinces of Yala and Pattani were under *martial law. (NEWSWEEK, Feb23,2004,p31)
* martyr* : someone who suffers or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs
◇ Veterans who had risked life and limb to defend their country were *hailed as living *martyrs. But for many, such as Kashfia, hero status was not enough. (TIME,Sept20,2004,p59)
** mayhem* : a very confused situation: CHAOS:
◇ In comparison even with other states in the Middle East, Iraq's modern history has been marked by turmoil, coups, bloodshed and *mayhem.(NEWSWEEK,Sep8,2003,p13)
◇ No one has yet been *brought to book for the *mayhem, and the Gujarat courts have proved incapable of convicting the rapists, looters or murderers.(TIME, Jan26,2004,p19)
* meager* : smaller or less than you want or need
** meddle : to become involved in a situation that you have no right to, in a way that is annoying
◇ The north is riding a second wave of economic development in Vietnam. During the early 1990s, encouraged by the government's heralded doi moi (renewal) economic reforms, investors poured in and growth soared. But an arduous, corrupt licensing process plus bureaucratic *meddling *soured the outlook.(TIME,Apr. 23, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186604,00.html
◇The current government tends to define much of the last century as a humiliating period marked by Japanese colonial and U.S. imperial *meddling. But New Right members argue that the South is prosperous and democratic precisely because of good relations with foreign countries.(NEWSWEEK,MAY,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554163/site/newsweek/page/2/
**mediocre : average or below average in quality
◇Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is *foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformly *mediocre?the result of an *egalitarian government education policy.(NEWSWEEK,July 4,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8358312/site/newsweek/
◇There are no oil wells in Kaluga, no gold mines, no rich mineral deposits. In fact, until recently there was very little in this town (pop. 345,000) other than some run-down farms, a distillery that produces *mediocre vodka, a big statue of a Soviet rocket-science pioneer and a war-era T-34 tank monument that still bears the *inscription FOR STALIN AND THE MOTHERLAND.
(TIME,MAY15,2006,p31)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1191848,00.html
* menace* : someone or something that is dangerous and likely to cause harm
◇Americans are having another sputnik moment: one of those periodic alarms about some foreign economic *menace. It was the Soviets in the 1950s and early 1960s, the Germans and the Japanese in the 1970s and 1980s, and now it's the Chinese and the Indians.
(NEWSWEEK,May30,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7935081/site/newsweek
* menial : menial work is boring or dirty and is considered to be of low status:
◇ Unemployment has been at historic lows in recent years, so there's very little *elasticity in the labor market. That adds up to ample opportunities for immigrants prepared to do *manual labor and *menial jobs.(NEWSWEEK,Dec15,2003,p26)
* mesmerize : to attract or interest you so much that you do not notice anything else around you
◇At a cocktail reception in Davos, Jolie, 29, *mesmerized a crowd including executives from multinationals with her account of a visit to refugees in Cambodia.(TIME,Feb7,2005,p41)
* militia* : a group of ordinary people who are trained as soldiers to fight in an emergency
◇In September 1999, hundreds of East Timorese civilians were killed and one-quarter of the population sent into temporary *exile during a *rampage by Indonesian anti-independence *militias(TIME,Aug23,2004,p52)
** mire : to be caught in an unpleasant situation that you cannot escape from:
◇Yet Guatemala, Central America's largest nation, remain mired in poverty and tormented by lawlessness and a culture of impunity.(NEWSWEEK,NOV17,2003,p32)
(だがグァテマラ、Central America's largest nationは、貧困の泥沼にはまり、lawlessness and a culture of impunity【無法状態と免責の風土】にさいなまれるままになっている。） ◇In Copenhagen, a 15-year plan ?to build a national mosque has become *mired in *red tape and local opposition.(NEWSWEEK,Mar6,2006)
http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
◇In Copenhagen, a 15-year plan ?to build a national mosque has become *mired in *red tape and local opposition.(NEWSWEEK,Mar6,2006)
http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
* misgiving* : a feeling of fear or doubt about whether something is right or will have a good result
◇Those *misgivings weren't simply a product of the 1990s, when Poles began openly debating such issues as abortion, religious education in public schools and the influence of the church on public policy.(NEWSWEEK,2005 Oct12,p52)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9555154/site/newsweek/
** modify* : FORMAL to change something slightly, especially in order to improve it or to make it less extreme: ALTER:
◇ Last year lawmakers modified legislation so as to deny automatic citizenship to children born in Ireland.(NEWSWEEK,Dec15,2003,p27)
◇Can elections *modify the behavior of Islamic militant groups fighting occupation?(NEWSWEEK, JUNE20,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8185330/site/newsweek/
* morgue* : a building or room where dead bodies are kept temporarily
◇Fearful of reprisals from men in uniform, morgue workers in Ache now writes“loss of blood”as the cause of death on corpses delivered with execution-style head wounds.(TIME,JUNE9,2003)
(men in uniform【軍人】からのreprisal【仕返し】をおそれて、アチェの死体安置所の職員は今、死因を「失血死」と書く/ 処刑による頭部創傷のある死体に。)
* moribund* : no longer effective and not likely to continue for much longer:
◇Now Pyongyang's economy is so moribund that too much pressure could unleash waves of North Korean refugees.（NEWSWEEK,AUG25,SEPT1,2003)
（いまや北朝鮮経済はmoribund【瀕死】の状態にあり、too much pressureはwaves of North Korean refugeesを解き放つことになりかねない。）
* morning-after pill : a drug that a woman can take after having sex to stop her from becoming pregnant
◇Preceding the Gulf storm, the Bush administration blocked the sale of the morning-after pill, chiefly in *deference to the Christian right. (NEWSWEEK,Sept. 19, 2005 )
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9287444/site/newsweek/
*morph : to gradually change one image into another using computer technology, or to be changed in this way
◇The minutes of the March 4 meeting?*ostensibly convened by Communist Party policy advisers to discuss economic reforms and rural poverty?were supposed to be secret. But last month they leaked out on the Web, and ideological sparks have been flying ever since. What started out as a discussion by officials, economists and legal experts about deadlocked legislation on property rights has *morphed into a *fierce debate about the future of reform in China.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
* mount* : if a particular feeling mounts, it gets stronger over a period of time:
◇ Evidence *mounts that Pakistani scientists sold nuclear know-how to a triad of *rogue nations.(TIME, Jan19, 2004,p19)(*triad = a secret Chinese organization of criminals)
◇The 48-year-old Karzai has been running Afghanistan for four and a half years. He became the country's first democratically elected president in a landslide victory two years ago. But with the southern part of the country racked by a *mounting Taliban *insurgency, and economic progress slow and spotty at best, Afghans seem to be turning on their once popular leader. (NEWSWEEK,June 12, 2006,A Violent Wake-Up Call)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
** mushroom : to increase or develop very quickly:
◇ Over the summer he told relatives that he hopes to use his high profile to help tackle other urgent medical problems?such as the country's *mushrooming number of victims suffering from HIV or AIDS. (NEWSWEEK, Oct18,2004,p39)
◇To be sure, there is little prospect that these *initiatives will be approved in the near future. The Bush administration remains preoccupied by the *quagmire in Iraq and *mushrooming fiscal and trade deficits. The Canadian prime minister lacks a working majority in Parliament, and Mexico is heading into a presidential election this summer that will choose Vicente Fox's successor.(NEWSWEEK,March 27, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11904430/site/newsweek/page/3/
* muzzle : to prevent a person, group, newspaper, etc. from expressing their opinions or ideas publicly
* myriad of : an extremely large number of people or things, especially one that is too large to count
◇When immigrants, like those in Brooklyn, are members of a *myriad of linguistic communities, each tiny and discrete, there is no threat to the common culture. No immigrant *presumes to make the demand that the state grant special status to his language.
(TIME,Jun. 12, 2006 , In Plain English: Let's Make It Official)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1200741,00.html
* nab : to catch or arrest someone who has done something wrong or illegal
◇Penalties for *harboring information about the South, in particular, can include long terms in prison. The security services have formed mobile squads to *nab people viewing illegal videos. "They cut off the power so that the disc stays in the machine and can't be hidden," says defector Lee.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p28)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
* nascent* : beginning or formed recently
◇ Even Pakistan's *nascent technology sector?*dwarfed by India's?seems to be taking off. Salim Ghauri, the CEO of Lahore-based NetSol Technologies, says his company's software revenues this year are expected to jump to $19 million, compared with last year's $11 million.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/page/2/
** nemesis* : someone or something that continues to oppose you and cannot easily be defeated
◇Musharraf welcomed to his capital city of Islamabad leaders from six South Asian countries, including his *nemesis Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, against whom he almost went to war in 2001 over Kashmir.(TIME, Jan12,2004,p16)
◇ It might look as if history were repeating itself: just as in the 1970s, ' 80s and '90s, *defiant protesters have taken to Bangkok's streets in a *bid to oust a Thai leader they revile. Yet this time their *nemesis isn't a *swaggering general who seized power in a coup, but a populist prime minister who won re-election in a landslide barely a year ago.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p26,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12016837/site/newsweek/
* nepotism* : the practice of using your power and influence to give jobs to people in your family instead of to people who deserve to have them
* net : to manage to get or do something, usually by using clever methods:
◇ *Diversion to Ishigaki costs the average vessel $4,500 in tonnage dues and *commissions paid to one of the local shipping agencies, *netting Japan about $18 million a year in fees.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar29,2004,p40)
* niche : BUSINESS an opportunity to sell a particular product or service that no one else is selling:
◇ R Family Vacations, a new company that *caters to the *untapped gay-parent travel *niche, is offering seven-day luxury cruise from New York City to Florida and the Bahamas in July.(TIME,April5,2004,p54)
* nominal : a nominal amount of money is a very small amount which is much less than something is really worth
◇While it costs Chinese couples a *nominal fee (about $200) to adopt, the economic challenge of raising an extra child is a discouraging factor.
(NEWSWEEK,LULY25,Aug1,2005)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8598730/site/newsweek/
**numerous : existing in large numbers: MANY:
◇Doctors at Seoul National University Hospital and other institutes have performed *numerous xenotransplants using animal organs cloned by Hwang's team. They hope to transplant cloned animal organs into human bodies within a decade as treatment.(NEWSWEEK,Jan. 9, 2005)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10682397/site/newsweek/
◇Last year, Hanoi for the first time overtook Ho Chi Minh City in FDI, capturing $1.6 billion of the total $6.2 billion. Saigon's share was $738 million. In the past five years, *numerous foreign manufacturers have set up shop in the capital, among them Fujitsu, LG Electronics and Daewoo.
(TIME,Apr. 23, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186604,00.html
* oblivious*(2005年1級第2回) : not noticing something or not knowing about it
◇ Musharraf was quick to lash back. After Bush left Islamabad, he blasted Karzai in a ?CNN interview, *lambasting the Afghan leader for being "totally *oblivious" to what was going on in Pakistan.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar20,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786789/site/newsweek/
** obscure : to make something difficult to understand:
◇ Technology means that small numbers can still do great harm?as last week's tragedy *amply illustrates. But that should not *obscure the reality that the violence is a sign of weakness.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar22,2004,p15)
◇All the heated headlines about North Korean nukes have *obscured a more subtle shift in the local dynamic, in particular the country's blossoming economic relationship with China and South Korea.(NEWSWEEK,FEB14,2005,p26)
* obsolete : no longer used because of being replaced by something newer and more effective
◇ Will standardized tests ever become *obsolete? According to the Massachusetts-based National Center for Fair & Open Testing, some 730 American colleges no longer require undergrad applicants to take either the SAT or the ACT.(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
* ominous : making you think that something bad will happen
◇There is an even more *ominous trend: According to defectors interviewed by NEWSWEEK, Pyongyang is using public executions to discourage defections. Brokers involved in moving people across the border are often the targets. Two *covertly recorded videotapes recently *smuggled out of the North show three people being shot (in two separate incidents) in the city of Hoeryong on March 1 and March 2.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p28)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
* opaque : difficult to understand
◇Since the transfer of power to the Iraqi provisional government, Iraq's oil revenues have been managed in an *opaque manner, with scarce information.(NEWSWEEK,Feb7,2005,p13)
*** ostensible*(2004年1級第3回) : appearing to be true, or stated by someone to be true, but possibly false:
◇ He ran as a reformer and an *ostensible supporter of Thailand's pro-democracy 1997 constitution. But Thaksin's first year in office has been characterized by the sort of top-down management style that might work in the boardroom but seems *autocratic almost anywhere else.
(TIME,Mar18,2004,p28)
◇ Musharraf deeply resents the idea that he is soft on the Taliban or its support network. He frequently points out that he has stationed some 80,000 troops in the tribal agencies along the border, *ostensibly to prevent the Taliban and Al Qaeda from using Pakistan as a base for cross-border raids into Afghanistan.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar20,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786789/site/newsweek/page/2/
◇The minutes of the March 4 meeting?*ostensibly convened by Communist Party policy advisers to discuss economic reforms and rural poverty?were supposed to be secret. But last month they leaked out on the Web, and ideological sparks have been flying ever since. What started out as a discussion by officials, economists and legal experts about deadlocked legislation on property rights has *morphed into a *fierce debate about the future of reform in China.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
* ostracize* : to stop accepting someone as a member of a group and refuse to talk or listen to them
◇ Like other countries with little HIV/AIDS awareness, Cambodians ostracize people known to have contracted the virus.(NEWSWEEK,DECEM9,2002,p29)
(HIV/AIDS認識の乏しいother countriesと同様、Cambodiansはvirusに感染したことがわかった人々をostracize【排除】する。）
* outrage : to make someone extremely angry and shocked:
◇The *outraged parties accuse him of trying to return to the days when his family ran the country as feudal *autocrats and living Hindu gods, before democracy's arrival in 1990. (TIME,Feb2,2004,p15)
** outright* : clear and direct, with nothing hidden
◇Many of India's most influential thinkers, like the Buddha, were *agnostics?or *outright atheists.(TIME,Aug29,2005)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050829-1096536,00.html
◇ The pandas' role in the dispute is not merely symbolic. On the contrary, accepting the pandas as a gift could be *tantamount to accepting Beijing's claim that Taiwan belongs to mainland China. According to the 1975 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, Beijing can make an *outright gift of pandas to any zoo it likes within China. Foreign zoos are different: they can get the animals only on loan, in the form of a scientific exchange.(NEWSWEEK,April3,p24)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12018348/site/newsweek/
** outsource* : to arrange for work to be done by people from outside your company or organization
◇Jobless recovery may not be a temporary phenomenon and that at least part of the problem may be the outsourcing of millions of jobs.(NEWSWEEK,OCT27,2003,p33)
(Jobless recovery【雇用なき経済復興】はtemporary phenomenon【一時的現象】 ではないかもしれず、少なくとも part of the problem はmillions of jobsのoutsourcing【国外発注】にあるのかもしれない。）
◇With one out of 10 citizens unemployed, many of the country's best and brightest gone off to work elsewhere in Asia and the Middle East, and millions still living in poverty, the Philippines can *boast few economic bright spots. One that the government has *touted for years is *outsourcing: officially at least half of all Filipinos speak English, and low labor costs have given a boost to the so-called business-process-outsourcing (BPO) industry.(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12893038/site/newsweek/
** overt : not hidden or secret:
◇ Unlike the Uighurs of Xinjiang, whose separatist *cause has *spooked Beijing, the Hui are not prevented from *overt Muslim worship; many of Henan's Hui villages have two flourishing mosques.(TIME,Nov15,2004,61)
◇By allowing?and even *condoning?such *overt expressions of spirituality, China's leaders are finally catching up with the country's religious revolution. Even by the government's own *conservative estimate, China now has more than 200 million worshippers of all faiths, double the number just nine years ago.(TIME,May1,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
* pact : an agreement between two or more people or organizations in which they promise to do something
◇ The recent Lunar New Year holiday saw the first nonstop commercial flights between the mainland and Taiwan, and last week Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian made a pact with James Soong, a rival politician who wants better ties with China, not to declare independence, change Taiwan's formal name from the Republic of China, or rule out eventual unification with China. (TIME,Mar7,2005)
** palpable : if a mood or feeling is palpable, it is so strong that you seem to feel it physically yourself
◇All of this is creating *palpable tension between moderate and conservative Muslims, hardening opinions and raising the specter of violence.(NEWSWEEK, Aug15,2005)
http://www.thepersecution.org/world/indonesia/05/newsweek.html
◇Today, amid the allegations of vote rigging and corruption swirling around President Arroyo, the talk in Manila is about People Power fatigue. There's a *palpable?and desperate?sense that the more we change things, the more they remain the same(TIME,LULY18,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050718-1081443,00.html
*palatable : acceptable
◇ The conflicts in Iraq and Afganistan have proved the worth of unmanned aircraft?which are cheaper and, because there is no pilot to be shot down, politically more *palatable than traditional airplanes.(TIME,2005,Dec12,p21)
* paramount : more important than all other things:
◇If Burma's military *junta had an incrementally gentler side, it was personified by General Khin Nyunt. No one would call him a liberal in the Western sense?he headed the dictatorship's military intelligence service?but diplomats from the outside world considered him more *pragmatic and less *xenophobic than the country's *paramount leader, General Than Shwe. (incremental = increasing gradually)(TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
* paramilitary : organized and operating like an army:
◇The problem is particularly acute in Colombia, where government agencies are routinely infiltrated by drug loads and right-wing paramilitary groups.(NEWSWEEK,JULY14,2003,p25)
(その問題はColombiaにおいて特にacute【深刻】である / government agenciesが日常的に麻薬の大物やright-wing paramilitary groups【右翼準軍事集団】に潜入されている。）
* parole : permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the official time if they promise to obey particular rules:
◇ After repeated denials, prison authorities in Harbin, near the Russian border, had announced that Fan's husband, Zhu Shengwen, would be home by the Lunar New Year, granted medical parole after seven years in jail.(TIME,Feb9,2004,p37)
* payroll : a list of all the people that a company employs and the money that each of them earns
◇ To start with, Koizumi has said that he'd like to see the postal service's 280,000 full-time employees (and an additional 120,000 part-time workers) *shed from government *payrolls.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p37)
* peddle : to sell something on the street or by going to customers, instead of in a store:
◇But many, including U.S.intelligence officials, believe he acquired those riches *peddling his *expertise.(TIME,Jan19,2004,p20)
* pelt ：to throw objects with force at someone or something:
◇The assailants pelted the cars.(TIME,JUNE16,2003)（襲撃者たちは車に投石した。）
** perpetrate : to do something that is harmful, illegal, or dishonest:
◇And Thaksin's *heavy-handed pursuit of the *perpetrators has many southerners feeling like targets.(NEWSWEEK, Feb23,2004,p31)
◇ Nearly all of India's ultracompetitive entrance exams have been stolen and sold to students at least once during the past five years. In 2004 students paid up to $15,000 apiece for access to answers to India's Pre-Medical Test?and the *perpetrators pocketed $1 million.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
* pervasive : spreading through the whole of something and becoming a very obvious feature of it
◇Meanwhile, restrictive labor laws make it virtually impossible to fire unproductive workers, and managers in foreign-owned factories complain about *pervasive government corruption and interference.(TIME, MAY1,2006,p36)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186604,00.html
* petition : a document signed by many people that asks someone in authority to do something:
◇ Local assemblies around the country have been * bombarding the government and their elected representatives with * petitions demanding that postal privatization be stopped before it's even started.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p37)
* pilfer : to steal things, especially from the place where you work
◇Local drug makers have built a thriving industry on * pilfering patents. The party ends in January.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov22,p48,2004)
* pitch : the things you say to persuade someone to buy something or support you:
◇Their *pitch: it's far more honorable to work toward the creation of a Muslim state than to be loyal to a government that never cared for you in the first place. (NEWSWEEK,Feb23,p31,2004)
* pivotal : extremely important and affecting how something develops:
◇ Saudi Arabia has increased its production repeatedly over the past two years, or else prices would be higher still than they are. And the Saudis are making investments that will increase their surplus capacity by the year-end. In a tight oil market, Saudi Arabia is the *pivotal player.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept6/Sept13,2004,p13)
* placid : rarely showing or experiencing excitement or anger:
◇Contrast this *placid acceptance with the American resistance to a proposal, after 9/11, to bring a "British style" surveillance system to the nation's capital.(NEWSWEEK,Mar8,2004,p45)
* plagirize : to take someone else's work, ideas, or words, and use them as if they were your own
◇Chris doesn't consider himself a cheater. Yet for the past four years, the 21-year-old senior at one of California's most prestigious universities (which he doesn't want identified) has used an arsenal of tricks to pass his classes. He's *plagiarized, taken illegal prescription drugs to improve his focus, obtained exam questions in advance and text-messaged his friends via cell phone to find quick answers to tough questions.(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
** plague* : to cause a lot of problems for someone or something for a long period of time:
◇But Wang's high-profile dismissal is a signal China is getting tougher on the nation's lending institutions, which are *plagued by corruption and outmoded, communist-era practices.(TIME,Jan28,2002,p29)
◇ But the ancient rivalries that perpetually *plague relations between Japan and its neighbors never stay submerged for long.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
* plague* : something that is very common and harmful
◇ The police attribute the breakdown in security to a *plague familiar to law-enforcement officials around the world: drugs. Helmand's police oversee a sizable and dangerous *jurisdiction--mountains to the north, desert and a long border with Pakistan to the south--in which opium traffickers and Taliban militants have struck up a marriage of mutual convenience.
（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
* platform* : the policies and goals of a political party, especially the ones they state in order to get people to vote for them:
◇But to make the party *viable, Ozawa has more serious work to do than maintain unity and continuity. He must now transform the DPJ from an organization with a very large and fractured *platform into a focused campaign-victory *juggernaut.(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
*** plaudits : praise:
◇President George W. Bush has won *plaudits for the *diversity of his cabinet officials, most notably when he promoted Condoleezza Rice, an African-American woman, to secretary of State in his second term. (NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,True Teamwork)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693300/site/newsweek/
◇The resulting work, "Guernica," did not win many *plaudits at a show designed to celebrate modern technology. And although Picasso always intended it to belong to Spain, the vast work was shipped around the world for more than four decades.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE12,2006,p56,Painting Picasso)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13122862/site/newsweek/
◇As candidates *espousing Chavez-style populism have *plummeted in the polls in Mexico and Peru, their camps have tried to distance themselves from the Venezuelan leader. Elsewhere, *incumbent presidents like Alvaro Uribe in Colombia and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in Brazil have won *plaudits as economic managers, and look likely to be reelected.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006,p23,That Chavez Thing Is Over)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892228/site/newsweek/
**** plight* ： a sad, serious, or difficult situation:
◇Lai's plight has become an international concern.(TIME,JANU21,2002,p28)
(Laiのplight【苦境】はinternational concernになった。）
◇As the Nazi war machine steamrolled across Europe in 1940, thousands of Jews sought refuge in the Lithuanian capital of Kaunas, where Sugihara was Japan's vice-consul. *Defying orders from Tokyo not to get involved in the refugees' *plight, Sugihara wrote illegal visas for 2,000 families, enabling them to escape from the Nazis.
(TIME,Jan6,2003,↓おすすめ記事）
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501030113-404316,00.html
◇The Indonesian government has told foreign journalists and aid workers to stay out of the province, because it does not want Aceh's plight to be internationalized as East Timor's was.(TIME,JUNE9,2003)
(Indonesian government は foreign journalists and aid workers にprovinceに立ち寄らないように通告した/ なぜならばAceh's plight 【アチェの苦境】が国際問題になることを望まないからだ/ East Timorのように。）
◇The peasants' *plight turned into a civil-rights *cause in Beijing after an underground DVD depicting the Ansai county *crackdown began circulating in the capital.(TIME,JULY25,2005,p33)
◇And yet it is a sign of Iraqis' utter mistrust of the leaders who have replaced Saddam that anger over Haditha has been directed as much toward the Iraqi government as toward U.S. troops. Like many Iraqis across the country, the survivors accuse their elected leaders of cocooning themselves in a highly *fortified Baghdad *enclave, with little thought for the *plight of their countrymen.(TIME,JUNE12,2006,p44)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1200784,00.html
* plummet* : if something such as an amount, rate, or value plummets, it suddenly becomes much lower
◇ Colombia began arming police with printouts of satellite maps annotated with crime data to show neighborhood trouble spots. In half a decade homicide rates *plummeted in Bogota (by 30 percent), Medellin (35 percent) and Cali (25 percent).
(NEWSWEEK,April 24, 2006,p44)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12334548/site/newsweek/
◇As candidates *espousing Chavez-style populism have *plummeted in the polls in Mexico and Peru, their camps have tried to distance themselves from the Venezuelan leader. Elsewhere, *incumbent presidents like Alvaro Uribe in Colombia and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in Brazil have won *plaudits as economic managers, and look likely to be reelected.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006,p23,That Chavez Thing Is Over)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892228/site/newsweek/
*plunge : if an amount or level plunges, it suddenly becomes much lower
* pluralism* : a situation in which people of different races, religions, cultures, politics, etc. live together in a society
◇It has passed nine packages of major reforms that have reduced the military's influence in government, * enshrined political dissent and religious * pluralism, passed strict laws against torture, abolished the death penalty and given * substantial rights to a long-oppressed minority.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept27,2004,p13)
** poignant : giving you feelings of sadness:
The roadside crosses are a poignant reminder of the fatal accidents.( Macmillan)
◇A poignant anthology of refugee's letters shows the distressing effects of Australia's immigration policy(TIME,SEPT22,2003)
(難民の手紙のpoignant【哀切極まる】選集は示す/ Australia's immigration policyの痛ましい結果を）
◇ The North Korean art clock seems to have stopped circa 1930-50, and the impression that emerges from the exibition is of remote, sad and strangely * poignant land.(TIME, 2004,JULY19,p50)
* point-blank : in a very firm and direct way:
◇ I myself have experienced behavior that is hard to explain in terms of anything but discrimination: senior male mathematicians ignoring my presence when I'm introduced to them or suggesting * point-blank that I pursue another career, such as medicine.(NEWSWEEK, JAN31,2005,p44)
*poised : about to do or achieve something after preparing for it
◇With its *proximity to India, ancient Buddhist culture, enviable geostrategic location and 1,600 kilometers of coconut-palm-lined beaches, Sri Lanka seemed *poised to become a shipping, airline, tourism andforeign-investment hub of Asia.(NEWSWEEK,Nov. 14, 2005 issue,p26)
* pork-barrel : pork barrel politics or spending uses government money to give benefits to people in a particular area, so that the politician who represents that area will be more popular
◇ That's been a thoroughly satisfactory arrangement for those directly involved, but pro-privatization reformers point out that * pork-barrel politics isn't so great for society at large.
(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p37)
* porous : not effective in preventing people from attacking or escaping:
◇India's *porous border with Burma, which is *exploited by *insurgents on both sides, is bound to be discussed during Than Shwe's five-day visit to New Delhi this week.(TIME,Nov1,2004p39)
* posh : something that is posh looks expensive and attractive:
◇So the Lees recently sold their posh Seoul apartment for $500,000 and will settle in New Brunswick, Canada, later this month.(NEWSWEEK,Sept30,2004,p44)
* pragmatic* : involving or emphasizing practical results rather than theories and ideas:
◇ Medicine, of course, is a pragmatic profession.(NEWSWEEK,MAY19,2003,p39)
(医療はもちろん、実際的な職業である。）
◇If Burma's military *junta had an incrementally gentler side, it was personified by General Khin Nyunt. No one would call him a liberal in the Western sense?he headed the dictatorship's military intelligence service?but diplomats from the outside world considered him more *pragmatic and less *xenophobic than the country's *paramount leader, General Than Shwe. (incremental = increasing gradually)(TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
* pragmatism* : a practical way of thinking or dealing with problems that emphasizes results and solutions more than theories
* predator* : an animal that kills and eats other animals:
◇ The predators are being killed so fast some now face extinction.(TIME,JAN27,2003)
(そのpredators【捕食動物】は急速に殺されているため、現在extinction【絶滅】に瀕しているものもいる。）
* predecessor* : the person who had a job or official position before someone else
◇ In fact, Idei himself represented a discontinuity with Sony's past. Unlike his *predecessor, Norio Ohga, who was the *surrogate son of co-founder Akio Morita, Idei was never viewed as an *heir. Insiders referred to him as the company's first "salary-man CEO," *implying that he was merely a hire and not a family member.
(TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
*predicament : a difficult or unpleasant situation that is not easy to get out of
◇"Pyongyang wants to change," says Lee Sang Hyun of the Sejong Institute, a think tank in Seoul. "They realize opening is the only way out of their *predicament."
(NEWSWEEK,Sept19,2005,p43)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285506/site/newsweek/
** predominantly : mainly or mostly
◇The governor of *predominantly Muslim Kwara had contacted the Zimbabwe Commercial Farmers Union with an offer of free land and guaranteed bank loans to any member willing to settle there.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677306/site/newsweek/
◇Sara's secret passion is a 1-year-old pooch named Pugster. The twentysomething Malaysian businesswoman, who declined to give her family name because many in her *predominantly Islamic country believe canines are unclean, rarely takes her pet outdoors and hides him in the kitchen when certain friends visit. Yet that doesn't stop Sara, a Muslim, from *lavishing her pedigree pug with goodies from a Kuala Lumpur pet shop, or counting him a better companion than her ex-husband.(NEWSWEEK,Feb. 13, 2006 )
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11178538/site/newsweek/
* pre-emptive : said or done before someone else has a chance to act or attack so that their plans or actions are prevented from happening:
a preemptive marketing strategy preemptive attacks(Macmillan)
◇Most Asian leaders are deeply opposed to the unilateral, pre-emptive way that Washington went to war in Iraq.(NEWSWEEK,OCT27,2003,p32)
(Most Asian leaders は深く反対している/ unilateral【一方的】で, pre-emptive【先制的】
なアメリカがイラク戦争を始めたやり方に対して）
* prescription* : a piece of paper that a doctor gives you that says what type of medication you need:
◇ While her boyfriend went upstairs to get a * prescription filled, Hu waited in the hospital lobby.
(NEWSWEEK,2004 Aug2,p33)
* preserve : FORMAL a place or activity that is considered to belong to a particular person or group:
◇ Mobilizing opposition to a failed head of state is supposed to be the preserve of political parties, at least in a modern, working democracy.
(失敗した国家元首に対しての反対運動を動かすのはpolitical partyのpreserve【守備範囲】
とみなされている / 少なくともmodern, working democracy【近代の、機能している民主国家】においては。）
◇ Where once education was the * preserve of states, school principals and parents, this president has expanded the federal role in * unprecedented ways.(TIME,Feb2,2004,p64)
* preside : to be in charge of an official meeting, ceremony, or other event:
◇He had *presided over many weddings, but never one like this. Riot police faced off against protesters. The wedding vows, closed with a kiss, played repeatedly on the nightly news. (NEWSWEEK,JUNE28,2004,p31)
* presume* :
* presume : to act as though you have the right to behave in a particular way when you do not
◇When immigrants, like those in Brooklyn, are members of a *myriad of linguistic communities, each tiny and discrete, there is no threat to the common culture. No immigrant *presumes to make the demand that the state grant special status to his language.
(TIME,Jun. 12, 2006 , In Plain English: Let's Make It Official)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1200741,00.html
** presumably : used for saying that you think something is true based on what you know, although you are not really certain:
◇ In August, China began replacing the armed police who used to guard the border with People's Liberation Army soldiers, presumably to stem the influx of North Koreans.(TIME,Nov24,2003,p35)
◇Meanwhile, the police are under attack, presumably from Baathist insurgents.(TIME,Dec1,2003,p54)
** pristine*(2004年1級第1回) : not spoiled or damaged in any way(Longman):
◇Their biggest victory so far was winning a government order last year to stop ?construction of 13 large dams on a *pristine stretch of the Nu River in Yunnan province. (NEWSWEEK,Feb14,2005,p29)
◇ At the National Park Service, political appointees have sought to overturn decades of environmental practice and open *pristine wilderness areas to special logging interests.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept. 19, 2005 )
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9287444/site/newsweek/
* probe* :
1) MAINLY JOURNALISM an attempt to find out the truth about an issue, problem, or accident, made by an official group or by a newspaper, television program, etc: INQUIRY:
◇ U.S. intelligence officers have joined the Pakistani *probe, hoping it will provide clues to unmask and stamp out *clandestine nuclear-procurement network.(TIME, Jan19,2004,p18)
◇ In June financial regulators *launched a *probe into such transactions that led to the announcement last Wednesday of charges against 124 people for various violations, and the investigation is still underway.(NEWSWEEK,Sept30,2004,p44)
2) to try to find out the truth about something, especially by asking a lot of questions:
◇ Thaksin has been * antagonistic to the press since he entered politics in 1997. Journalists who insisted on * probing his business empire got a taste of Thaksin's vaunted temper.(TIME,Mar18,2002,p28)
◇ Eight years ago, the country's highest legislative body, the People's Consultative Assembly, ordered an investigation into the Suharto family's wealth, while a human-rights commission began *probing *atrocities during the so-called New Order period.
(NEWSWEEK,May29,2006,p28) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892028/site/newsweek/
* proliferate* : to quickly increase in number or amount
◇For China's entrepreneurial elite, the new civility push is also a business opportunity. Private etiquette schools are *proliferating to meet demand from yuppies who *crave guidance on eating, dressing and working in an international environment. At Shanghai's June Yamada Academy, students pay $900 for a multiweek course during which they dine at a five-star hotel and learn the difference between a fish knife and a butter knife. (Nov. 14, 2005, p39)
http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1126714,00.html
***** proliferation* : a sudden increase in number or amount:
◇And the problem may be getting worse, thanks to the proliferation of medical information on the Internet.(TIME,0CT13,2003,p42)
(そして問題は悪化しつつあるのかもしれない。インターネット上のmedical informationのproliferation【拡散】によって）
◇I question whether his foreign policy is eradicating terrorism or leading to its * proliferation.
(TIME,SEP12,2003)
（私は疑問に思う、his foreign policyがterrorismをeradicateしているのか、あるいはそのproliferationにつながっているのか）
◇ Yet some * proliferation experts in the U.S. doubt that * rogue scientists and their * cronies in the security service could have arranged such super secret, high-level deals without government approval.(TIME, Jan19,2004,p19)
◇ Facing irrelevance, the hard-core radicals turned to violence, hoping to gain attention and *adherents by daring acts of bloodshed. Thus the * proliferation of terror by groups like the Red Brigades and the Baader-Meinhof gang. (NEWSWEEK,2004,Mar22,p15)
◇In China, the fact that most parents have only one child helps to explain the extraordinarily acute pressure they feel to produce a superkid?and the resulting *proliferation of books with titles like Prodigy Babies and 60 Ways to Ensure Success for Your Gifted Child.
http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story.html
*** prone* : likely to do something or be affected by something, especially something bad:
◇Men drive more rollover-prone SUVS and suffer more motorcycle fatalities.(TIME,MAY26,2003)
(男は、転覆しやすいSUVを運転することが多いし、オートバイ事故で死ぬことも多い。）
◇ It's got a dry climate, cold winters and is prone to earthquake.(NEWSWEEK,Dec1,2003,p33)
◇ Spain last year ditched ambitious plans to *divert the River Ebro to drought-*prone plains of the south and opted instead to build several new desalination plants. .(NEWSWEEK,Mar7,2005,p46)
◇ Chinese leaders, too, are *prone to Japan-baiting to *garner popular support. An incursion into Japanese waters last November by a Chinese submarine was applauded on many mainland websites as a sign of growing Chinese power.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
* prop up : to help a government, system, organization, etc. to continue to exist, especially by providing financial or military support:
This new initiative is a desperate attempt to prop up the economy.(Macmillan)
◇They have recently asked the government to create a special Ministry of Buddhism to help prop it up.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE13,2003,p37)
(彼らは最近政府に要請した/ special Minustry of Buddhismを創設することを/それを支えるために）
* provoke* : to cause a reaction, especially an angry one
◇Only the most extreme Sunnis *espouse a philosophy of hatred toward the Shiites. But these include Al Qaeda in Iraq?and its leader, Abu Mussab al-Zarqawi. His stated plan is to "drag the Shia into the arena of *sectarian war" in the hope of *provoking an all-out *conflagration.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677916/site/newsweek/
* provocation : something that causes you to react in an angry or violent way, often something that is intended to cause such a reaction
◇ Such *provocation notwithstanding, the surge of Japan-bashing may *stem more from domestic politics rather than any serious external threat. South Korea's Uri Party, which supports Roh, faces a *critical by-election at the end of this month?and with Korea's economy sputtering, fanning regional hatreds might help to bring out the nationalist vote. Roh may have had this strategy in mind last month when he suggested that Japan pay further *reparations to Koreans mistreated during the Japanese occupation of the Korean peninsula from 1910 to 1945, and that Tokyo must make a "genuine" apology.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
* provocative* : intended to start arguments between people or to make people angry or upset:
◇That scene embodies the traits that make Lee one of Koera's most provocative directors.(NEWSWEEK,OCT28,2002,p62)
(そのシーンはembody【具現】する / Leeを韓国で最もprovocative【挑発的な】監督のひとりにするtrait【特色】を。）
* prowess : great skill or ability
◇The city was clean, leafy, uncongested and offered financial *incentives to businesses. Many firms grabbed them and turned the southern city into a symbol of India's low-cost tech *prowess.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept. 27,2004)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6038643/site/newsweek/
** proximity : how near something is to another thing, especially in distance or time
◇Seoul, eager for closer ties with Pyongyang, is likely to offer financial *incentives for companies to invest in Kaesung. And the zone has an inescapable economic logic: cheap labor plus *proximity makes for an attractive alternative to locating plants in China.(NEWSWEEK,Sept19,2005,p43)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285506/site/newsweek/
◇With its *proximity to India, ancient Buddhist culture, enviable geostrategic location and 1,600 kilometers of coconut-palm-lined beaches, Sri Lanka seemed *poised to become a shipping, airline, tourism andforeign-investment hub of Asia.(NEWSWEEK,Nov. 14, 2005 issue,p26)
◇In the long run, Asia's age-old backyard-farming practices?whereby animals and human beings live in close *proximity, giving rise to new viruses like H5N1?need to be moved toward modern methods of slaughtering and food preparation.
(TIME,Dec13,2004)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041213-880311,00.html
* proxy : someone who has the authority to do something for you, especially to vote
◇And since the central battlefield was quiet, both sides helped allies in their local struggles-in other words, proxy wars.（NEWSWEEK,SEPT15,2003,p13)
(そして中央の戦場は静かであったから、両サイドは同盟国のlocal struggleを助けた、言葉を換えればproxy wars【代理戦争】である。）
* prudent : careful, and using good judgment
◇We're now at the dawn of an era in which an extreme and fanatical religious ideology, *undeterred by the usual calculations of *prudence and self-preservation, is *wielding state power and will soon be *wielding nuclear power.(TIME,April3,2006)
http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=21843
* purge : to remove people suddenly or violently from an organization, group, etc.:
◇He initiated drastic economic reforms that lead businesses to purge older executives.(NEWSWEEK,AUG3,2003,p27)
(彼はdrastic economic reformsを開始し、それは実業界がolder executivesを追放するのにつながった。
*quagmire : a situation that is so difficult or complicated that you cannot make much progress
◇To be sure, there is little prospect that these *initiatives will be approved in the near future. The Bush administration remains preoccupied by the *quagmire in Iraq and *mushrooming fiscal and trade deficits. The Canadian prime minister lacks a working majority in Parliament, and Mexico is heading into a presidential election this summer that will choose Vicente Fox's successor.(NEWSWEEK,March 27, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11904430/site/newsweek/page/3/
** quell* : to cause a violent situation to end:
◇ Among his first duties was attempting to *quell a *simmering dispute between clans controlling two villages. (TIME,May18,2002,p24)
◇Beijing is hoping a return to Confucian values will help *quell growing dissent, and inspire new loyalty.(NEWSWEEK March 20, 2006,p21)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11788162/site/newsweek/
* quintessential : perfect as an example of a type of person or thing
◇Above all, "Picasso: Tradition and Avant-Garde" seeks to *reclaim the artist as *quintessentially Spanish. Picasso has long been regarded as a French painter who happened to be born in Spain. Though he lived in Paris and then the Midi until his death in 1973, Picasso followed Spain's *turbulent politics closely from his *exile.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE12,2006,p56,Painting Picasso)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13122862/site/newsweek/
* ractify : to correct a problem or mistake, or make a bad situation better:
◇ Although the late Mao Zedong maligned psychiatry as a bourgeois discipline, the current government will have to pour more money into the field if they want to * rectify a growing imbalance: psychiatric ailments that account for one fifth of China's public-health burden now receive only 2 percent of the health budget.(NEWSWEEK,Nov24,2003,p33)
* ragtag : consisting of various types of people whose clothing, equipment, and skills are not very good:
◇Does anyone think that such a ragtag military could beat the insurgency where American troops are failing?(NEWSWEEK,NOV10,2003,p11)
(そのようなragtag military【寄せ集めの軍隊】に、米軍が失敗しているinsurgency【反乱】の鎮圧ができると思う者がいるだろうか？）
** rail* : to express strong anger about something
◇ After years of instability, with the government and military trying to distract people from their economic *woes by waging jihad in Kashmir and *railing against neighboring India, a true middle class is now developing.
(NEWSWEEK,March 27)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/
◇Now mostly in their 40s, many of the movement's leaders spent *turbulent college years in the 1980s fighting against South Korea's anti-communist dictators and dreaming of a socialist utopia. Han Ki Hong, 44, is a good example. When he was a junior at Yonsei University in Seoul in 1983, he *railed against the Reagan administration and led student demonstrationsagainst the United States and also Seoul's military dictators. He served six months in jail.
(NEWSWEEK,May8,p27)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554163/site/newsweek/
* rally support (for something) (=encourage people to support something): A demonstration is planned to rally support for the workforce.
◇ Then he backed a travel ban on gang-rape victim Mukhtar Mai, preventing her from *rallying support abroad for her *cause.(TIME,JULY11,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050711-1079527,00.html
* ramification : a complicated or unexpected way in which a decision, process, or event affects other things
◇The greening of Seoul has *ramifications that go beyond the mountains that ring the city. If this concrete jungle can shift into clean, *sustainable urban development, then there's hope that other messy, environmentally challenged Asian cities like Beijing, Bombay and Jakarta can do the same. (TIME,May15,2006,p19,Saving Seoul)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060515/story.html
*** rampage* ：uncontrolled behavior, especially involving damage to property
◇They were armed like gang members on a rampage, brandishing sharpened bamboo staves, clubs, metal cudgels, bricks and stones.(TIME,JUNE16,2003)
彼らは暴動で荒れ狂うgang member のように武装し、尖らせた竹槍や棍棒や金属棒やレンガや石を振りかざしていた。
◇ A recent spate of bloody * rampages is forcing the country to grapple with its widening rich-poor divide. (NEWSWEEK,Aug2,2004,p30)(grapple with = to try hard to understand a difficult idea or solve a difficult problem:)
◇But unlike such modern thinkers as Hobbes and Marx, the Buddha didn't *assume that a model of society was needed that could contain the *rampaging egos of human beings.(TIME,FEB28,2005)
◇In September 1999, hundreds of East Timorese civilians were killed and one-quarter of the population sent into temporary *exile during a *rampage by Indonesian anti-independence *militias(TIME,Aug23,2004,p52)
******* rampant* : existing, happening, or spreading in an uncontrolled way:
◇ Despite the public perception that affirmative action is *rampant on campuses, these programs really only affect a very small number of minority students.(NEWSWEEK,JAN27,2003,p26)
(affirmative actionがcampusに蔓延しているという世間の認識とは裏腹に、 these programs が実際影響を及ぼしているのは a very small number of minority studentsでしかない。）
◇ Underreporting is also * rampant among China's 100 million-strong migrant population.(TIME,DEC8,2003,p43)
（過小報告が横行している / Chinaの一億からなる季節労働者の間で。）
◇ In China scientists are using satellites to track rising lake volumes and will *evacuate villagers if a glacial flash flood seems *imminent. Beijing has invested $24 billion to build a reservoir in Xinjiang province to prevent flooding and to control *rampant water use.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE6,2005)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8018284/site/newsweek/?news_id=24
◇Spiritual channels have taken their place alongside entertainment, news and game shows as a staple of Indian television. Aware of the stations' *rampant popularity, regular news and entertainment channels now slot early-morning spiritual programs into their daily schedules.
(NEWSWEEK,Jan23,p52)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10854375/site/newsweek/from/RL.2/
◇The country has made strides: it has an elected government, newly paved roads, more children in school, the appearance of a few shopping centers in Kabul. But the improvements in the lives of many Afghans are *tempered by the country's persistent insecurity, which is fueled by a *rampant drug trade and a Taliban-led *insurgency growing more brazen, sophisticated and lethal. （TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
◇In Britain, a recent government-sponsored report found such *rampant cheating in the state-run GCSE and A-level exams that Secretary of Education Ruth Kelly called for a total *revamp of the coursework system before 2008.(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
** ranks [plural] all the people within a group, organization, etc.:
◇ What Khin Nyunt's arrest really demonstrates is that the only real threat to the junta's survival comes from within its own * ranks.(TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
◇The military hotly denies the possibility of * complicity in the * ranks. (TIME, Jan12,2004,p18)
* rank-and-file : all the members of a group or organization except the leaders or officers:
◇ According to the plan, the * tribunals will first try the key 45 Baathist leaders in * custody, then move on to * rank-and-file regime loyalists accused of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity.(TIME,Dec1,2003,p54)
* rankle : if an action rankles or rankles you, it continues to annoy or upset you for a long time after it has happened
◇The Latino *influx has *rankled many longtime residents, who say the arrivals have depressed wages in some sectors. "I'm working for $6 an hour!" yelled one African-American man at Mayor Ray Nagin's first town-hall meeting last month. (NEWSWEEK,Dec262005,Jan22006,p44)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10218343/site/newsweek/from/RSS/
** ransack : to go through a place stealing or damaging things
◇In Baghdad, friends of Masar Sarhan al-Rubaiyi are worried that the sectarian riots sparked by his death will overshadow a more positive legacy: in April 2003, as looters *ransacked government offices and universities across the city, al-Rubaiyi and a few friends grabbed some weapons and headed for his college, determined to save it from the pillagers.
(TIME, JUNE6,2005)http://www.mafhoum.com/press8/241S26.htm
◇For 48-year-old Mekhti Mukhayev and the men of Zumsoy, a hamlet high in the Chechen mountains, the Russian Army's "special operations" have become a depressingly familiar fact of life. In January last year the village was bombed, apparently at random. Soon afterward, a unit of Russian troops in ski masks landed in helicopters and *ransacked the villagers' houses for valuables. (NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677921/site/newsweek/
* ransom* : the amount of money someone wants to be paid before they will let a person they are keeping as a prisoner go free:
◇In India's Bihar state, even politicians may be cashing in on the only game in town : kidnapping for ransom.(TIME,JUNE30,2003,p34)
(インドのビハール州では、政治家さえも町で唯一の商売に手を染めているのかもしれない/ ransom【身代金】目当ての誘拐である。）
** rapproachment : the development of greater understanding and friendship between two countries or groups after they have been unfriendly
◇Pyongyang, it was hoped, would open its economy, abandon its ambitions to conquer the South, and seek a *rapprochement with Seoul.(TIME,FEB21,2005)
◇For much of the last decade, South Korea has been led by progressive regimes that have sought to shake up Korea's traditional foreign and domestic policies. They've done just that: under Roh and former president Kim Dae Jung, the government has distanced itself from Washington, adopted some socialist-tinted economic policies and pursued a *rapprochement with Pyongyang.(NEWSWEEK,May8,p26)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554163/site/newsweek/
* rationale : the set of reasons that something such as a plan or belief is based on
◇The advantage and *drawback of democracies are that, in the middle of wars, we get to have a bloody, impassioned, rhetorically charged, knockdown bare-knuckled fight over who will run the country. We get to *lambaste a President, his military failures, his *rationale for fighting, his domestic policies and any number of other things.(TIME,Nov15,2004)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1101041115-750785,00.html
****** ravage*(2003年1級第3回) : to destroy something or damage it very badly:
◇ But now, a year after winning its freedom, this tiny nation faces a slew of daunting challenges, from constructing a viable economy to repairing lives * ravaged by more than 20 years of violence and misery.(TIME,JUNE2,2003,p20)
(しかしいま、freedomを獲得して一年、this tiny nationはたくさんのdaunting【気の遠くなるような】難問に直面している/ viable【持ちこたえられる】経済を建設することから、２０年以上に及ぶ暴力と貧困に破壊された生活を再建することまで。）
◇ The global slowdown and Palestinian conflict are ravaging the Israel economy.(NEWSWEEK,NOVEM18,2002,p48)
(地球規模のslowdownとPalestinian conflict がIsrael economyを荒廃させている。）
◇ Half a century ago, Chairman Mao Zedong, himself a native of Hunan province, declared war on the diseases *ravaging China's countryside(TIME,DEC8,2003,p42)
(半世紀も前毛沢東主席は、彼自身もa native of Hunan provinceであったわけだが、warを宣告した / China's countrysideを荒廃させている病気に対して。）
◇When Somsak Laemphakwan's chickens started dying in early August, he buried the corpses deep in the ground, hoping to *halt the bird flu *ravaging his village in northwest Thailand.
(TIME,Oct11,2004,p25)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041011-709153,00.html
◇Yet she described how this *ravaged group, many of whom had lost arms and legs, managed to build five houses in two weeks. "These are the most capable people I've ever met in my life," she said. (TIME,Feb7,2005,p41)
◇Countries *ravaged by war are turning to female leaders as the key to healing. They are far more likely to build bridges than to tear them down.(NEWSWEEK,Nov. 14, 2005 issue,p46)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9937715/site/newsweek/
* raze : to completely destroy a building or town:
◇This time, ecosystems are dying a thousand deaths?from overfishing and the *razing of the rain forests, but also from advances in agriculture.(NEWSWEEK,Mar29,2004,p49)
* rebel* : someone who tries to remove a government or leader using force
◇The *rebels, like most of the 6.5 million people in the province, want greater political *autonomy and more control over the region's *abundant mineral resources.(NEWSWEEK,Jan. 16, 2006 issue )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10756815/site/newsweek/
* rebellious : fighting to remove a government or leader by force:
◇He succeeded in brokering * cease-fires with 17 of Burma's armed, * rebellious tribes.(TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
*** reckon : to believe that something is true
◇Back in the 1980s, the industry's smartest brains *reckoned that a purely technological approach?so-called combinatorial chemistry?could replace trial-and-error or the well-informed hunch as the primary source of new products.
(NEWSWEEK,No7,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9865126/site/newsweek/
◇So far scientists have identified and given Latin names to 1.7 million species, but it's *reckoned the final number could be at least 10 times as high.
(NEWSWEEK,No7,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9865126/site/newsweek/
◇As for classical music, Gerard Mortier, the director of the Paris opera, is one of many who *reckons that Mozart isn't the only composer who soothes.
(TIME,JAN16,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901060116-1147107,00.html
* reclaim : to get something back that someone has taken from you
◇Above all, "Picasso: Tradition and Avant-Garde" seeks to *reclaim the artist as *quintessentially Spanish. Picasso has long been regarded as a French painter who happened to be born in Spain. Though he lived in Paris and then the Midi until his death in 1973, Picasso followed Spain's *turbulent politics closely from his *exile.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE12,2006,p56,Painting Picasso)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13122862/site/newsweek/
* redress : something you do for someone or money you give to them as a way of improving a bad situation that you are responsible for:
◇ Families are demanding * redress from a police force that, they say, is more interested in taking kickbacks than in cracking cases.(TIME,May18,2002,p24)
** red tape* : documents, rules, or processes that cause delays:
◇ As part of its Lisbon *initiative, Brussels last year established SOLVIT, a Europewide service to help EU citizens with mobility issues and *red tape, and introduced an EU-wide health insurance card for temporary workers. (NEWSWEEK,Nov1,2004,p48)
◇In Copenhagen, a 15-year plan ?to build a national mosque has become *mired in *red tape and local opposition.(NEWSWEEK,Mar6,2006)
http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
**refurbish : to improve a room or a building by cleaning and painting it, adding new furniture or equipment, etc.
◇Washington has committed about $1 billion to *refurbishing clinics and Iraqi hospitals, but health care only gets worse.
(NEWSWEEK,Jan9,2006,p32)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10655555/site/newsweek/
◇As China rapidly expands and modernizes its military, Japan has been quietly *refurbishing its own armed forces (including intensified research into missile defense and enhancing operational compatibility with the U.S. military). (NEWSWEEK,JUNE6,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8018286/site/newsweek/from/RL.2/
* reimburse : to give back money that someone has spent, for example on something relating to work: PAY BACK:
◇ More than 2,000 acupuncturists are licensed in Franced - medical doctors whose services are * reimbursed by the state health system.(NEWSWEEK,MAY19,2003,p39)
（2,000人以上のハリ治療師がフランスでは認可されている / サービスがstate health systemから払い戻されるmedical doctorsとして。）
* reinstate : to bring back something such as a law or benefit that had been stopped: RESTORE:
◇Noting that the nation has had 12 governments in as many years, Gyanendra says he will *relinquish power and *reinstate Parliament only if the parties unite to pull Nepal back from the *abyss. (TIME,Feb2,2004)
**** relinquish* : to give up your power, position, or an advantage, especially when you do not want to do this:
◇Noting that the nation has had 12 governments in as many years, Gyanendra says he will *relinquish power and *reinstate Parliament only if the parties unite to pull Nepal back from the *abyss. (TIME,Feb2,2004)
◇International condemnation of Burma *stems from 1990, when pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy, or NLD, won national elections in a landslide, but the *junta refused to *relinquish power and *rounded up opposition figures.(NEWSWEEK,Mar21,2005,p22)
◇According to LDP rules, Koizumi must step down from his party leadership post in the fall of this year?and in doing so *relinquish his position as prime minister. And so the race to succeed him is on. (NEWSWEEK,Feb6,2006,p22)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/11080282/site/newsweek/
◇We may be close to a critical economic juncture. It's the moment when America's frenzied consumers *relinquish their role as "locomotive" for the rest of the world. All our spending and borrowing have juiced the U.S. economy and, through swelling trade deficits, the global economy. We know this buying binge can't continue forever. Families and nations can't *indefinitely overspend their incomes by ever-increasing amounts. (NEWSWEEK,March 6, 2006 )
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11567353/site/newsweek/
*remittance :
◇This year, remittances ? the cash that migrants send home ? is set to exceed $232 billion, nearly 60% higher than the number just four years ago, according to the World Bank, which tracks the figures.(TIME,Feb13,2006)http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901051205-1134698,00.html
*render : to make someone or something be or become something
◇In the summer of 2003, leaders of the region stopped *inoculations after rumers spread that the vaccine could transmit AIDS and *render girls infertile.(TIME,May16,2005)
** renegade* : someone who leaves one group and joins another that has different goals or beliefs
◇Beijing's reaction to the communique was appropriately icy: it considers Taiwan a *renegade province and reunification (at some future time) is carved-in-marble national policy.(TIME,Mar7,2005)
◇Since 1949, Beijing has considered Taiwan a renegade province that must be reunited with the mainland?by force, if necessary.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p24)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12018348/site/newsweek/
* reparations : [plural] money paid by the country that loses a war for the damage and problems it has caused to other countries
◇ Such *provocation notwithstanding, the surge of Japan-bashing may *stem more from domestic politics rather than any serious external threat. South Korea's Uri Party, which supports Roh, faces a critical by-election at the end of this month?and with Korea's economy sputtering, fanning regional hatreds might help to bring out the nationalist vote. Roh may have had this strategy in mind last month when he suggested that Japan pay further *reparations to Koreans mistreated during the Japanese occupation of the Korean peninsula from 1910 to 1945, and that Tokyo must make a "genuine" apology.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
** repatriate :
1)to send someone back to the country that is legally their own
◇ After a night in jail, Ryu was forcibly * repatriated back to North Korea and sent to a refuge-detention center.(TIME,Nov24,2003,p35)
2) to send money that you earn in a foreign country back to your own country
◇ A concrete indicator of their continued attachment to Mexico is their annual *repatriation of $12 billion to $14 billion to relatives at home.(NEWSWEEK,Jan19,2004,p29)
** replenish(2005年1級第2回) : to make something full again or bring it back to its previous level by replacing what has been used
◇The global exchange of plant and animal species is a two-edged sword. It can * replenish the world food supply (the Andean potato) or * devastate a habitat (the Indian mongoose, which killed off 12 bird species in Hawaii and the West Indies). (NEWSWEEK,Aug23,2004,p49)
◇Manufacturing capacity has expanded so rapidly in the past several years that the stream of migrants from the poor countryside is no longer large enough to * replenish the labor pool.
(TIME,JAN31,2005,p39)
** replicate* : to do or make something again in the same way as before
◇ Hizbullah guerrillas are * hailed in the Arab world as the only force that ever defeated the Israeli Army, which withdrew from south Lebanon in 2000, and Palestinian militants may think they can * replicate that success.(NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2003,p34)
◇ Why are we having so many kids? Some couples are eager to replicate their own happy childhood; many of my peers grew up with four or even five siblings.(NEWSWEEK,November,2003,p11)
(なぜわれわれはso many kidsを持つのか？their own happy childhoodをreplicate【複製】
したくてしかたがないcoupleもいる。my peers の多くは４人、さらには５人のsiblings【きょうだい】と育った。
* reprisal* : something unpleasant done to punish or take revenge on an enemy or opponent because of something they have done:
◇Fearful of reprisals from men in uniform, morgue workers in Ache now writes“loss of blood”as the cause of death on corpses delivered with execution-style head wounds.(TIME,JUNE9,2003)
(men in uniform【軍人】からのreprisal【仕返し】をおそれて、アチェの死体安置所の職員は今、死因を「失血死」と書く/ 処刑による頭部創傷のある死体に。）
* repudiate : FORMAL to state that you do not accept or agree with something: REJECT
◇Yudhoyono seems to think it's better to *repudiate Suharto indirectly?through policy changes?than directly through a highly charged court trial.
(NEWSWEEK,May29,2006,p28) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892028/site/newsweek/
* resent*
* resentment* : an angry unhappy feeling you have when you think you have been treated unfairly or without enough respect:
◇ It's no surprise that Thailand's southern Muslims view the government's troops with some resentment. (NEWSWEEK, Feb23,2004,p31)
** resilience* : someone's ability to become healthy, happy, or strong again after an illness, disappointment, or other problem
◇ India is growing with impressive resilience and determination. And because of its size, it adds another huge weight to the Asian balance.(NEWSWEEK,Oct25,2004,p13)
◇But for all its *resilience, the insurgency has not spread across the whole country, nor is it likely to. Its appeal has clear limits. (NEWSWEEK,Sept20,2004,p13)
* resilient* : able to quickly become healthy, happy, or strong again after an illness, disappointment, or other problem
◇ But the province's harsh living conditions bred a *resilient, “do or die”attitude among its inhabitants.(NEWSWEEK,Dec1,2003,p33)
** resonate* : to produce an emotional effect on someone:
◇ Certainly the hard-line stance *resonates with older citizens, who still remember the horrors of the Korean War.(TIME,DECEM9,2002)
(たしかに、 the hard-line stance は共感を得ている / older citizensの / 彼らはいまだにthe horrors of the Korean Warをおぼえている。）
◇With an April by-election *looming, voters still don't know where the party stands on important issues?nor do many of its members. That's because efforts to forge internal consensus among *diverse factions have left the DPJ manifesto vague and *diluted. Ozawa must repackage that platform into clear messages that *resonate with voters.(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
* resume* :
* resumption* : the start of something again after a temporary stop:
◇Promises of increased foreign investment and the *resumption of international loans were *dangled in exchange for much-needed economic reforms. (NEWSWEEK,Mar21,2005,p22)
** resurgence* : the start of something again that quickly increases in influence, effect, etc
◇Organized political opposition to Musharraf is rising, and he and Aziz are hoping that an economic resurgence will persuade average voters to return them to power for another five years. (NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/page/2/
◇With the Taliban staging a gradual *resurgence in Afghanistan, Karzai has been sniping at Musharraf for months, charging that the Pakistani president is not doing enough to defeat armed radicals who hide out and train along the rugged Afghanistan-Pakistan border.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar20,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786789/site/newsweek/
* resurrection : the act of making something exist again or of starting to use something again after it has disappeared, been forgotten, or stopped being used
◇The U.S. should use the *resurrection of the city to reacquaint its citizens with the gift of New Orleans:a multicultural community invigorated by the arts.(TIME,Sept19,p60)
* retaliate* : to do something harmful or unpleasant to someone because they have done something harmful or unpleasant to you:
◇By the end of the week, the protests had become a nightly affair, and pro-clergy vigilantes had retaliated by storming a dormitory and injuring 50 students.(TIME,JUNE23,2003,p36)
(週の終わりまでに、protestsは毎夜の出来事になりpro-clergy vigilantes【聖職者寄りの自警団】は報復した/ dormitory に乱入し50 studentsに負傷させることによって）、
* retribution : punishment that someone deserves because they have done something very bad:
◇ A construction worker who declines to give his full name for fear of retribution, Jasim, 31, has scores to settle.(TIME, Dec1,2003,p52)
*rev up : to become or make something become faster, more lively, or more exciting
◇ Sheik Mohammed, known to his people as "the boss," assumed practical control of Dubai in 1995. Since then he's refashioned the city-state according to his "Vision 2010"?*revving up tourism, finance and media-related businesses, while turning its harbor into a model of efficiency that DP World has exported to ports in India, China and beyond. (NEWSWEEK,Mar13,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11675823/site/newsweek/
***revamp* : to improve the way something looks or operates by making major changes to it
◇Last year star English chef Jamie Oliver took over a school cafeteria in a working-class suburb of London. A documentary about his work shamed the British government into spending $500 million to *revamp the nation’s school-food program.(NEWSWEEK,August 5th, 2005)
◇Three years ago, Jeff Gray, the principal at Foust Elementary School in Owensboro, Ky., realized that his school needed help?and fast. Test scores at Foust were the worst in the county and the students, particularly the boys, were falling far behind. So Gray took a controversial course for educators on brain development, then revamped the first- and second-grade curriculum.
(Sept. 19, 2005 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285515/site/newsweek/
◇In Britain, a recent government-sponsored report found such *rampant cheating in the state-run GCSE and A-level exams that Secretary of Education Ruth Kelly called for a total *revamp of the coursework system before 2008.(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
* revel in something : to enjoy something very much
◇He almost reveled in his disdain for public opinion?H.M. KING GYANENDRA DOES NOT SEEK CHEAP POPULARITY, reads a propaganda billboard in central Kathmandu.
(TIME,May1,2006,p19)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186607,00.html
****** revere* : to have a lot of respect and admiration for someone or something:
◇It was once *revered by Hokkaido's native people, The Ainu, as a forest god.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT15,2003,p43)
(それはかつてHokkaido's native peopleであるアイヌによって尊崇されていた/ forest godとして）
◇After the war, Nhat Hanh became a *revered meditation teacher and a public face of Buddhism second only to the Dalai Lama. (TIME,JAN24,2005,p47)
◇Many of the differences between Sunnis and Shia are small enough to dismiss: how they wash their feet or fold their hands in prayer, and which religious figures they most *revere. Despite years of discrimination against the Shia during Saddam's era, mixed marriages between the country's major groups, including the Kurds, have been very common.(NEWSWEEK,Mar13,2006,p24)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677916/site/newsweek/
◇Like the NBA in the U.S, bullfighting is a world of its own, in which racial and ethnic barriers dissolve in the face of talent. Once a near sacred practice in the Catholic, ethnically homogenous world of Old Spain, bullfighting is still *revered in today's plural society.
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
◇Thaksin has called a snap vote for this Sunday?yet, knowing he'd win handily (rural Thais remain steadfastly loyal), the three main opposition parties have opted to boycott the contest and even appealed to Thailand's *revered monarch, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, to name a new leader.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p26,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12016837/site/newsweek/
◇ Sociologists argue that the upsurge in school dishonesty also reflects attitudes in the culture at large, where cheating has become acceptable and even admired. International tycoons make enviable fortunes through market manipulation and *fraud: think Enron, WorldCom and Martha Stewart. Scientists like South Korea's once *revered stem-cell research pioneer, Hwang Woo Suk, fake lab results.(NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
*** rife* : if something bad or unpleasant is rife, there is a lot of it:
◇Arms smuggling over the borders is rife.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT23,2003)
(bordersを越えたarms smugglingはrife【おびただしい】）
◇That's a confusion that's rife throughout the reign.(TIME,SEPT8,2003)
(それが地域中で rife【おびただしい】confusionだ）
◇ Similar concerns are rife in Sri Lanka, where textiles and garments make up half of the country's exports, and the industry supports as many as 1 million workers. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p37)
* ring* : a group of people involved in an activity, especially an illegal one
◇Also in 2005, South Korea faced the biggest exam-cheating scandal in its history when officials realized that the previous fall's national college-entrance exam, the CSAT, had been *infiltrated by more than 20 cheating *rings across the country; they had text-messaged exam answers to paying students taking the test. (NEWSWEEK,Mar27,2006)
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/706/2006/03/27/199@67436.htm
** roam* : to move or travel with no particular purpose:
◇ The Polish countryside, she says, has maintained the kind of natural *diversity that's been sacrificed to the interests of agribusiness elsewhere in Europe. Wolves and bears still *roam the
patch of primeval forest on the country's eastern borders.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE7/JULY14,2004,p22)
◇"Over the past two years the Maoists have obtained the ability to roam much more broadly through the country," says a Western diplomat in Katmandu.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov22,2004,p43)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6478822/site/newsweek/
*** robust* : a robust system or organization is strong and successful:
◇India's *robust outsourcing industry grew up in the country's major cities?New Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore, to name three.(NEWSWEEK,Sept. 27,2004)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6038643/site/newsweek/
◇Thirty years after the war, Vietnam's *robust growth could stall unless the country gets serious about corruption and reform.(NEWSWEEK, May2,2005,p32)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/7615251/site/newsweek/
◇With oil prices now more than $70 per bbl., Russia is *awash in cash--and more of it is trickling down to ordinary people in ordinary places. Seven consecutive years of *robust growth--currently about 6% a year after inflation--have transformed the country, giving birth to a consumer class and bringing signs of prosperity to the long-suffering *hinterland.
(TIME,MAY15,2006,p31)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1191848,00.html
** rogue* : a rogue member of a group does not behave in the same way as its other members and is considered dangerous or likely to cause problems:
◇ Yet some *proliferation experts in the U.S. doubt that *rogue scientists and their *cronies in the security service could have arranged such supersecret, high-level deals without government approval.(TIME, Jan19,2004,p19)
◇ Evidence *mounts that Pakistani scientists sold nuclear know-how to a triad of *rogue nations.(TIME, Jan19, 2004,p19)
* role model* : someone whose behavior is considered to be a good example for other people to copy
◇ Like their Hizbullah *role models, Palestinian guerrillas have steadily improved both their tactics and their weaponry. (NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2003,p34)
* round-the-clock* : happening or done all day and all night
◇ Earning a living requires round-the-clock effort, but his wife and children help with the chores. "The income isn't big," says Master, "but there's great psychological satisfaction." (NEWSWEEK,JUNE7/JULY14,2004,p22)
* round up : to find and arrest people:
◇International condemnation of Burma *stems from 1990, when pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy, or NLD, won national elections in a landslide, but the *junta refused to *relinquish power and *rounded up opposition figures.(NEWSWEEK,Mar21,2005,p22))
* rubber-stamp* : to give official approval to something without really thinking about it - used to show disapproval(Longman)
◇Mubarak, a stolid and remote figure whose 24-year rule has been ratified every six years by a *rubber-stamp Parliament, has stumped for votes from the Nile Delta to Aswan challenged by candidates from two main opposition parties.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p35)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191048/site/newsweek/
* rudimentary : basic, and not detailed or developed
◇ But in China, which according to ban receives nearly 90% of America's castoffs, recycling is a crude process carried out in places like Guiyu by tens of thousands of peasants equipped with the most *rudimentary of tools.(TIME,Mar11,2002,p39)
* sabotage : to deliberately stop someone from achieving something or deliberately prevent a plan or process from being successful:
◇ Most Japanese don't understand what the privatization plan is all about. Bureaucrats do, however, and they have a long history of *sabotaging efforts at *taming Japan Post.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p37)
* sack : BRITISH INFORMAL to tell someone they can no longer work at their job: FIRE
◇ By sacking Prime Minister Khin Nyunt, the junta abandans even the pretense of a more liberalfuture.(TIME, Nov1,2004,p39)
* sag : to become weaker or less in amount or value:
◇ As late as the 1980s, with the economy sagging, one sixth of the republic's population emigrated, peaking in a 12-month period in 1988-1989, when 70,600 Irish, or 2 percent of the population, went abroad.(NEWSWEEK, Dec15, 2003, p26)
* sanction* : an official order to stop communication, trade, etc. with a country that has broken international law:
◇While the U.S. and many other Western countries have persisted with economic *sanctions, Japan, China, India and Thailand have actively pursued a policy of *engagement with Burma, encouraging closer economic ties and increased trade in the hope that the generals would gradually ease their grip on society.(TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
** sanction* : to give official approval or permission for an action
◇Blasphemy, moreover, is common in the Muslim world, and *sanctioned by Arab governments. The Arab media run cartoons depicting Jews and the symbols of the Jewish faith with imagery indistinguishable from that used in the Third Reich.(TIME, Feb. 07, 2006)
◇Hypnosis was first used as a surgical anesthetic in India in 1845 but was quickly abandoned with the introduction of ether the following year. The practice *languished for decades, becoming, at least in the public eye, little more than a parlor trick. In 1958 it was sanctioned by the American Medical Association for use in medicine and dentistry. (TIME,Mar27,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1174707,00.html
* sanction* :impose a sanction or penalty on(Oxford)
◇ Because of its *headlong pursuit of nuclear weapons, Pakistan had become the world's most *sanctioned nation after Libya. International aid had dried up. The government was forced to borrow at *exorbitant short-term rates, burdening the country with a crushing $38 billion debt.
(NEWSWEEK,March 27)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/
*sanguine : confident and hopeful about what might happen, especially in a difficult situation
◇Animal-rights activists aren't uniformly *sanguine. Some lament that dogs are now "promoted as fashion accessories," says Kirsten Mitchell, cofounder of the charity Hong Kong Dog Rescue.
(NEWSWEEK,Feb13,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11178538/site/newsweek/
* schizophrenia : a serious mental illness in which the way you think and feel is not connected with what is really happening
◇ After a month behind bars, he was released when relatives brought him to Beijing for schizophrenia.(NEWSWEEK,Nov24,2003,p32)
* scrutinize : to examine something very carefully
◇Since 9/11?when the United States began scrutinizing certain types of visa applications more carefully under the Patriot Act?there has been a raft of such complaints.(NEWSWEEK,Sept27,2004,p34)
** sectarian* : caused by disagreements among people from different religious groups:
◇Once in the city, these militants easily mix into Karachi's *indigenous subculture of political and *sectarian militancy, team-ing up with local outfits to sow even more destruction.(NEWSWEEK,2004,Aug2,p28)
◇Only the most extreme Sunnis *espouse a philosophy of hatred toward the Shiites. But these include Al Qaeda in Iraq?and its leader, Abu Mussab al-Zarqawi. His stated plan is to "drag the Shia into the arena of *sectarian war" in the hope of *provoking an all-out *conflagration.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677916/site/newsweek/
*** secular* : not religious, or not connected with religion:
◇Like most of Western Europe, Germany considers itself a *secular democracy.(NEWSWEEK,Jan13,2004)
◇ When India's Hindu-Nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) first took office eight years ago, some Indians wondered if it marked the end of their country as a tolerant, *secular, democratic nation.(TIME,Jan26,2004)
◇Science is documenting the healing values of love, intimacy, community, compassion, forgiveness, *altruism and service?values that are part of almost all spiritual traditions as well as many *secular ones.(NEWSWEEK Oct. 3, 2005 issue)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9466931/site/newsweek/
*segregation* : the policy of keeping people from different groups, especially different races, separate. Integration is the policy of bringing these groups together
◇Homer Plessy, a black New Orleanian, fought for racial equality in 1896, although it took our Supreme Court 58 years to agree with him and, with *Brown v. Board of Education, to declare *segregation unequal. (TIME,Sept19,p60)
https://lists.mayfirst.org/pipermail/portside/Week-of-Mon-20050919/008310.html
* settle a score/an old score : to do something that harms someone who has done something to harm you in the past:
◇ If score-settling among those groups begins, that would mark a new phrase in Iraq's blood-soaked story-potentially one that will prove even more destructive.(NEWSWEEK,Sept8,2003,p13)
◇ A construction worker who declines to give his full name for fear of retribution, Jasim, 31, has scores to settle.(TIME, Dec1,2003,p52)
* showdown* : a big meeting, argument, or fight that finally settles a disagreement between people or proves who is the best
* sibling* : your siblings are your brothers and sisters
◇ Why are we having so many kids? Some couples are eager to replicate their own happy childhood; many of my peers grew up with four or even five siblings.(NEWSWEEK,November,2003,p11)
(なぜわれわれはso many kidsを持つのか？their own happy childhoodをreplicate【複製】
したくてしかたがないcoupleもいる。my peers の多くは４人、さらには５人のsiblings【きょうだい】と育った。
** shed : to get rid of something that is not wanted or is no longer necessary:
◇ To start with, Koizumi has said that he'd like to see the postal service's 280,000 full-time employees (and an additional 120,000 part-time workers) *shed from government *payrolls.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p37)
◇ Although China has mostly *shed Chairman Mao's class-busting ideology and cities like Shanghai boast skyscrapers and *bustling shopping malls, the deportment of some citizens *evokes an era of *subsistence.(Nov. 14, 2005, p39)
http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1126714,00.html
* shed light on something : to suggest an explanation for something that is difficult to understand
◇The Chikyu may also *shed light on events like the *devastating tsunami that struck off the coast of Sumatra in December 2004.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p57)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191047/site/newsweek
**** simmer* : to have anger or another strong emotion building up inside(Encarta)
◇ Among his first duties was attempting to *quell a *simmering dispute between clans controlling two villages. (TIME,May18,2002,p24)
◇Gaudy economic-growth numbers can't solve a *simmering unemployment crisis.(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p21)(gaudy = brightly colored and ugly or of bad quality)
◇True, discontent *simmers in the provinces of Tibet and Xinjiang, where Buddhists and Muslims have *clamored for independence, and various other Chinese minorities claim they are held back economically by the Han. (TIME,Nov15,2004,p61)
◇The biggest danger is that in the process, the radicals will succeed in igniting *simmering ethnic and religious tensions?and mirror the divisions already apparent outside the university walls. Sectarian groups were barred from running for student-union elections earlier this year, but many simply set up parallel "committees" that carry greater *clout than the elected unions.
(TIME, JUNE6,2005)http://www.mafhoum.com/press8/241S26.htm
* single-minded : with your attention fixed on only one thing:
◇ His *single-mindedness *stem from his personal experience.(TIME,Aug23,2004,p31)
(His single-mindedness【彼の一途さ】は、his personal experienceから来ている。）
* sizable* : fairly large: SUBSTANTIAL:
◇The numbers of Germans French and other European who believe in a secret American conspiracy surrounding 9/11 is a minority. But it's sizable.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT22,2003)
(9/11を巡る secret American conspiracy【陰謀】 を信じる Germans French and other Europeanの数は少ない。しかし、sizable【相当数】である。）
* slate : [count] AMERICAN a list of people who are trying to win an election
◇ And although county councils are *technically elected, the *slates are carefully prepared and "the Communist Party almost always finds a way to *assert control over them," says Ding Xueliang, a professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology who researches local governments. (TIME,May18,2002,p24)
**slate : to arrange for something to happen:
◇ A new book chronicling this Pygmalion-like transformation has sold 520,000 copies since October. A movie is *slated for release in June.(NEWSWEEK,Feb28,2005)
◇ Next year, as ASEAN's chair, the country is *slated to host a leadership summit and several ministerial meetings. (NEWSWEEK,Mar21,p23,2005)
*** smuggle* : to take someone or something secretly and illegally into or out of a country, especially as a way of earning money:
◇Like their Hizbullah *role models, Palestinian guerrillas have steadily improved both their tactics and their weaponry. Some of the arms and *ammunition have been *smuggled in from abroad, possibly with the help of Hizbullah *intermediaries.(NEWSWEEK,Mar4,2002,p34)
◇There is an even more *ominous trend: According to defectors interviewed by NEWSWEEK, Pyongyang is using public executions to discourage defections. Brokers involved in moving people across the border are often the targets. Two *covertly recorded videotapes recently *smuggled out of the North show three people being shot (in two separate incidents) in the city of Hoeryong on March 1 and March 2.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p28)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
◇Fearing *deportation, he later made his way to the wilderness of northern Sinai. Alone and out of options, he paid a Bedouin $50 to *smuggle him across the border to Israel. "I didn't know where else to go," Adom told NEWSWEEK. "I thought if I told them I was from Darfur, they'd help me."(NEWSWEEK,May29,p26)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12891908/site/newsweek/
** smuggling* : the practice of secretly and illegally taking goods or people into or out of a country, especially as a way of earning money
◇Arms smuggling over the borders is rife.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT23,2003)
(bordersを越えたarms smugglingはrife【おびただしい】）
◇While previous Bible couriers have been deported for their secret work, Lai could face the death penalty for smuggling “cult publication”.(TIME,JANU21,2002,p28)
(以前の聖書の運び屋はsecret workのためdeport【国外退去】になっていたが、Laiは「カルト出版物」をsmuggling【密輸】したかどで死刑になるおそれがある。）
* sober : with a serious attitude
* sobering* : making you think about things in a serious way
◇It must be thrilling to *assume command of Sony, a luminous icon of Japan's postwar recovery. Thrilling, and perhaps *sobering. (TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
* solicit : to ask people for something such as money or support
◇Some migrants are now using their economic *clout to perform work usually done by big aid organizations. Ambadedi's workers' association in Paris, for example, funds some village projects with its members' own earnings. But the association also *solicits help from the French government and the European Union.(TIME,Feb13,2006,)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901051205-1134698-3,00.html
* solicitor : someone who sells something by visiting people and trying to persuade them to buy it
◇ Soon she had five more cards from other *solicitors and was embarking?along with millions of other South Koreans?on a massive shopping *binge, paying one card off with another.(NEWSWEEK, MAR8,2004,p38)
* sour : if a relationship or situation sours, or something sours it, it stops being successful or satisfactory
◇ The north is riding a second wave of economic development in Vietnam. During the early 1990s, encouraged by the government's heralded doi moi (renewal) economic reforms, investors poured in and growth soared. But an arduous, corrupt licensing process plus bureaucratic *meddling *soured the outlook.(TIME,Apr. 23, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186604,00.html
** spawn : if one thing spawns something else, it creates it
◇In Taiwan, President Chen Shui-bian's narrow re-election triumph in 2004, just one day after he was shot and slightly injured in an assassination attempt, has *spawned a cottage industry of *conspiracy theories.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p26,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12016837/site/newsweek/
◇Studies have shown that part of the reason Silicon Valley is so good at *spawning new companies is that there's such an extended network of people who worked together earlier in their careers.(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693300/site/newsweek/
* spare : to prevent someone from experiencing an unpleasant, painful, or embarrassing situation or feeling
◇We should be grateful that Kim Jong Il wants to *spare us more rounds of the pointless six-party talks on North Korea's nuclear program. They might otherwise have dragged on for years as Kim doggedly extracted all the aid and guarantees he wanted in exchange for more empty promises.
* spearhead : to lead an organized effort or activit
◇The U.S. government can claim very little *credit for Chile's remarkable and successful free-market revolution. But the University of Chicago?which trained most of the economists who *spearheaded those reforms in Santiago?can.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov29,2004)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6542347/site/newsweek/
**spike : to rise quickly
◇Demand for services like dog grooming, training and sitting and quality veterinary care has *spiked. There are new pet cafes, pet spaces, pet hotels and pet playgrounds, as well as new pressure groups lobbying for dog-friendly parks.(NEWSWEEK,Feb13,2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11178538/site/newsweek/
◇Crime scholars caution that no one knows why some crimes fall while others *spike. Community policing, *curfews for bars and bright street lights are still indispensable. Yet even the most *hidebound cop knows that the old ways aren't enough.(NEWSWEEK,April 24, 2006,p44)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12334548/site/newsweek/
*spoils : the benefits that someone gets when they win something, for example a war
◇In the new economies, the real *spoils will go to the creatives?the quick-witted entrepreneurs and innovators, not the *compliant milksops with ambitions restricted to the traditional professions. http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story3.html
** spook : to make someone suddenly feel frightened or nervous
◇ Unlike the Uighurs of Xinjiang, whose separatist *cause has *spooked Beijing, the Hui are not prevented from *overt Muslim worship; many of Henan's Hui villages have two flourishing mosques.(TIME,Nov15,2004,61)
◇Even usually *stalwart Japanese business interests in China are *spooked by the vitriol: Honda, the first Japanese carmaker to produce autos in China, announced it would *curtail business trips to the mainland for safety reasons.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
*sporadic : not regular or frequent
◇In February 2002 the Tigers signed a *ceasefire with the Sinhalese-dominated government in the south. But *sporadic attacks and killings have persisted since. (TIME,Apr. 30, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060508-1189385,00.html
** spree* : a short period that you spend doing only one activity, especially something enjoyable such as spending money or drinking alcohol
◇The world is addicted to America's shopping *spree. But some experts see emerging markets increasingly driving the world economy.(NEWSWEEK,March 6, 2006)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11567353/site/newsweek/
◇ The newly privatized and cash-flush banks have been on a lending *spree, extending loans to capital-starved domestic businessmen and to the Pakistani middle class, which until 2002 had little access to consumer credit.
(NEWSWEEK,March 27)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/
** sprout(2005年1級第2回) : if things sprout or sprout up somewhere, they appear there or increase in number suddenly and very quickly
◇They say they don't miss the big city, since shopping malls, multiplexes, pubs and international restaurants like the ones in Delhi are *sprouting up.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept. 27,2004)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6038643/site/newsweek/
◇Of course, the picture is not all *bleak. Billions of dollars have poured into Afghanistan since the Taliban's ouster, and some 23,000 American soldiers and 9,000 NATO peacekeepers are securing the country and training Afghanistan's *fledgling Army and police. Girls are going to school in record numbers. Kabul is *awash in secondhand cars brought in from neighboring Iran. New commercial buildings and ornate residences are *sprouting.(NEWSWEEK,p28,2006) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13124237/site/newsweek/
*** staggering* : extremely surprising:
◇ China's 750 or so state-run mental health institutions can't keep pace with the rising demand for their services-and are often too costly for the *staggering number of patients who lack insurance.(NEWSWEEK,Nov24,2003,p32)
◇Seventy percent of children diagnosed with learning disabilities are male, and the sheer number of boys who struggle in school is *staggering. Eighty percent of high-school drop-outs are boys and less than 45 percent of students enrolled in college are young men.
(Sept. 19, 2005 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285515/site/newsweek/
◇ All along China's most polluted rivers?where factories simply dump their waste and sewage directly into the waterways and their tributaries?towns and villages record startling rates of cancer, stunted growth, diminished IQs and miscarriages. The economic costs are *staggering, too.
(TIME,Dec5,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501051205-1134809,00.html
** stagnate* : to stay the same without growing or developing:
◇ Let's examine the Census numbers. They certainly don't indicate that, over any reasonable period, middle-class living standards have *stagnated. Mostly, the middle class is getting richer.
(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p45)
◇Without vastly more mobility, including better recruiting of immigrant workers from outside the Union, economic growth will even further *stagnate.(NEWSWEEK,Nov1,2004,p48)
◇When sales began to *stagnate a few years ago, these chains began to look at the aging of the population?not just the fact that Japan has a higher share of citizens over 65 than any other industrialized nation, but that nearly 90 percent of Japanese under 60 say they worry about getting by in their old age.
(NEWSWEEK,JULY25,AUG1,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8597392/site/newsweek/
* stagnant : not growing or developing:
◇ South Koreans are sitting on an estimated $300 billion in idle cash, because the Seoul stock market is *stagnant and interest rates on bonds are the lowest in recent memory. (NEWSWEEK,Sept30,2004,p44)
*** stakes : the things you can gain or lose by taking a risk, for example in business or politics:
◇ The high *stakes have prompted companies to fight the lawsuits vigorously - and not just in court.(TIME,DEC8,2003,p23)
(賭かっているものの大きさは、companiesがlawsuitsをvigorously【精力的に】闘うことを促した / しかも法廷だけではなく。）
◇ Asia's *stake in a stable global order has never been higher. Both China and India need stable oil prices and the continuation of a level playing field in trade.(TIME,Nov15,2004,p55)
◇The public pressure raised the *stakes for China's top leaders. Last April Wen ordered officials to conduct a major review of the project. According to a report in Hong Kong's Ming Pao newspaper, Wen listed "a high level of concern in society" and opposition by environmentalists as two reasons for the stoppage.(NEWSWEEK,Feb14,2005,p29)
* at stake : used about important issues that are involved in a situation or could be decided by it:
◇At stake is South Korea's budding leadership in stem-cell research.(NEWSWEEK,Mar1,2004,p45)(* budding : at the very beginning of a career in writing, acting, politics, etc. and likely to be successful at it:)
* stalwart : LITERARY used for describing a person who looks very strong
◇Even usually *stalwart Japanese business interests in China are *spooked by the vitriol: Honda, the first Japanese carmaker to produce autos in China, announced it would *curtail business trips to the mainland for safety reasons.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
*** stamp out ： to end something bad or unpleasant by taking strong and determined action:
◇Because the virus has already made its way once around the globe, it's probably too late to stamp it out completely. (NEWSWEEK,SEPT22,2003)
(いったんvirusが世界中に広まったため、根絶やしにしようとしてもprobably too lateだ。）
◇ U.S. intelligence officers have joined the Pakistani *probe, hoping it will provide clues to unmask and *stamp out *clandestine nuclear-procurement network.(TIME, Jan19,2004,p18)
◇ Operations in the mountains of Waziristan, intended to *stamp out militants and encouraged by the United States, may only be spread-ing terror to Pakistan's cities?where it can do far more damage to the country's stability.(NEWSWEEK,Aug2,2004,p28)
* standoff* : a disagreement or fight in which neither opponent can do anything to win or achieve their goal
◇ The *standoff between the U.S. and the Asian giants has *stymied international climate-change efforts for years, but that is beginning to change--and some of the push is coming from Beijing. For most of the recent Montreal climate conference, the U.S. resisted any serious discussion of what should be done after Kyoto expires.
(TIME,April3,06)http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1177019,00.html
* staple : an important product, especially a food, that people eat or use regularly:
◇Fattoush, a traditional Arab dish made of bread and vegetable leftovers, takes on deeper significance when Fadi, an Arab boy, describes how it has become a *staple in his diet since the second intifada; at the same time he has come to *loathe Greek salad, considered ultratrendy among Israelis.(NEWSWEEK,JULY5,2004,p47)
**stave off : to stop something from happening
◇Gut flora help the *immune system *ward off more-dangerous bugs; they break down nutrients; they may even manipulate how the body stores fat. If doctors could control the flora, they might be able to *stave off disease with a completely new toolbox.(NEWSWEEK,Jan23,2006,p43)
◇The scale of the *devastation is disputed. According to environmental activists, 250 elephants and hundreds of other animals have died from starvation, thirst and blackleg?an infectious disease caused by unusually arid conditions and stress?over the past two months. Zimbabwe's minister of Tourism, Francis Nehma, acknowledges a problem in Hwange, but says that only 40 elephants and 53 buffalo have died. Virtually everyone agrees that more needs to be done to *stave off a larger catastrophe. (NEWSWEEK,Dec. 5, 2005 issue)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10218889/site/newsweek/
** stem* : to stop something from spreading or increasing, especially something bad:
◇ President Hamid Karzai and his government are trying to stem the tide.(NEWSWEEK,JAN27,2003,p24)
(Hamid Karzai大統領と彼のgovernmentはこの風潮の歯止めをかけようとしている。）
◇ In August, China began replacing the armed police who used to guard the border with People's Liberation Army soldiers, presumably to stem the influx of North Koreans.(TIME,Nov24,2003,p35)
**** stem from something : to be caused by something:
◇ His single-mindedness stem from his personal experience.(TIME,Aug23,2004,p31)
(His single-mindedness【彼の一途さ】は、his personal experienceから来ている。）
◇Analysts say Hanoi's *crackdown on non-sanctioned Buddhists and Christians *stems not from godless communist dogma, but from worries about politics. "It is not a fear of religion itself," says Dr. David Koh, a fellow specializing in Vietnam at Singapore's Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. "It's a fear of the use of religion by outsiders to topple the Vietnamese government."
(TIME,JAN24,2005,p47)
◇International condemnation of Burma *stems from 1990, when pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy, or NLD, won national elections in a landslide, but the *junta refused to *relinquish power and *rounded up opposition figures.(NEWSWEEK,Mar21,2005,p22)
◇ Such *provocation notwithstanding, the surge of Japan-bashing may *stem more from domestic politics rather than any serious external threat. South Korea's Uri Party, which supports Roh, faces a critical by-election at the end of this month?and with Korea's economy sputtering, fanning regional hatreds might help to bring out the nationalist vote. Roh may have had this strategy in mind last month when he suggested that Japan pay further *reparations to Koreans mistreated during the Japanese occupation of the Korean peninsula from 1910 to 1945, and that Tokyo must make a "genuine" apology.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
* stern : a stern person, expression, or statement is serious and severe:
◇China's stern measures last winter to combat the SARS outbreak, which included a ban on the sale of 54 different animals , has taken its toll on the poor farmers, butchers, traders and cooks who cater to the Cantonese taste for freshly killed exotic meat. (NEWSWEEK,SEPT22,2003)
(ChinaによるSARDS発生とたたかうための 54 different animalsの販売禁止を含む昨冬のstern【厳格な】措置は痛撃した/ poor farmers, butchers, traders and cooks を / 彼らは満足させる / 殺されたばかりの新鮮で風変わりな肉に対するCantonese taste【広東人の嗜好】 。）
* stifle : to stop something from developing normally:
◇The situation is also *dire in West Bengal and Kerala, where communist governments have increased the *literacy rate but *fostered strong labor unions that have *stifled employment growth.(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p22)
* stigma*(2003年1級第3回) : a feeling that something is wrong or embarrassing in some way
◇In Tanzania, on the other hand, the couple received training in how to promote HIV awareness from the San Francisco-based Global Service Corps, which aims to ease the social stigma of AIDS.(April 11/18 issue 2005 NEWSWEEK,)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/7369815/site/newsweek/
*** stigmatize* : to treat a particular type of behavior as wrong or embarrassing and to try to make people who behave in this way feel ashamed:
◇To avoid *stigmatizing their patients, Falcon and Barsky avoided the H word altogether.(TIME,OCT13,2003,p43)
(患者に汚名を着せるのを避けるため、Falcon and BarskyはHという言葉を一切避けた。）
◇ For 15 years now Pakistan has found a cheap and effective way to fight over Kashmir?by helping Kashmiri militants in their terror tactics. September 11 changed that game. It *stigmatized terrorism and gave India a crucial ally on this issue?the United States of America. Suddenly Pakistan found that supporting terror had become very costly indeed. (NEWSWEEK, Jan19,2004,p13)
◇The Democrats made a huge tactical error a few decades ago. In the middle of doing the great work of the '60s--civil rights, women's liberation, gay inclusion--we decided to *stigmatize the white male. (TIME,May8,2006,p112)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1189224,00.html
**** stipulate*(2004年1級第2回) : to say what is allowed or what is necessary:
◇Only this year, for example, has Germany begun to reform its system of unemployment benefits for life, stipulating sharp cuts beginning next January if workers refuse to accept a job offer in a different region.(NEWSWEEK,Nov1,2004,p47)
◇ The artists work regular hours, are expected to produce a *stipulated quota of works, and are sometimes *enlisted in “speed-war”contests that test their ability to pump out patriotic art in volume. (TIME, 2004,JULY19,p50)
◇Sarkozy plans to introduce highly selective immigration, testing for the "*assimilability" of those it admits. A new "contract of welcome and integration" *stipulates learning French and looking for a job in return for 10-year residence permits and discrimination protections. Immigrants failing to respect basic Western values face *deportation.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar6,2006)http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
◇Russia hasn't yet discovered equal opportunity laws, so most jobs *stipulate that only those under 30 or 35 need apply. (TIME,April17,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901060417-1181588,00.html
* strain : a particular type of animal, insect, or plant
◇Thanks to a new technique called reverse genetics, researchers were able to create a vaccine *strain from the H5N1 virus in record time?yet the candidate vaccine is just now entering clinical trials, because drug companies have been *loathe to invest in a vaccine that may never be used, and governments have been reluctant to fully fund the work.
(TIME,Dec13,2004)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041213-880311,00.html
* stranded : left somewhere with no way of going somewhere else
◇ The images of a ruined city make it clear that we need to rebuild New Orleans. The images of people *stranded,in shock, indicate that we need to rebuild a community.(TIME,Sept19,p60)https://lists.mayfirst.org/pipermail/portside/Week-of-Mon-20050919/008310.html
* stunt : to stop someone or something from growing
◇With an initial $250,000 loan per farmer, the men drilled wells, built houses, imported tractors and seed drillers and planted their first maize crop in July. Five weeks of drought *stunted the harvest, but the yield per acre was still much greater than the average for Nigeria.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006,p33)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677306/site/newsweek/
* stunted : unable or not allowed to develop or do well
* stymie : to stop someone from achieving a goal, or stop some process from continuing
◇ The *standoff between the U.S. and the Asian giants has *stymied international climate-change efforts for years, but that is beginning to change--and some of the push is coming from Beijing. For most of the recent Montreal climate conference, the U.S. resisted any serious discussion of what should be done after Kyoto expires.
(TIME,April3,06)http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1177019,00.html
* subside : to become weaker, less violent, or less severe
◇Since the beginning of 2006, eight more Americans have died, including one last week. Few believe the fighting is likely to *subside. Lieut. General Michael Maples, who heads the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency, told Congress last week that "insurgents now represent a greater threat to the expansion of Afghan government authority than at any point since late 2001."
（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
** subsidy* : an amount of money that the government or another organization pays to help to reduce the cost of a product or service:
◇ To be sure, the EU offers some *enticing rewards, not least access to the rich markets of Western Europe and fat agricultural *subsidies from Brussels.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE7/JULY14,2004,p22)
**subsistence : the ability to stay alive when you do not have much food or money
◇Josiah Masiamphoka is tired of being a beggar. But the *subsistence farmer and father of six lives in Malawi, where the rains have again failed to fall.(NEWSWEEK,Nov14,p28,2005)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9938334/site/newsweek/
◇ Although China has mostly *shed Chairman Mao's class-busting ideology and cities like Shanghai boast skyscrapers and *bustling shopping malls, the deportment of some citizens *evokes an era of *subsistence.(Nov. 14, 2005, p39)
http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1126714,00.html
* substantial : large in amount or degree: CONSIDERABLE:
◇It has passed nine packages of major reforms that have reduced the military's influence in government, *enshrined political dissent and religious *pluralism, passed strict laws against torture, abolished the death penalty and given *substantial rights to a long-oppressed minority.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept27,2004,p13)
◇ During the communist era, Mongolia had a *vibrant film industry, supported almost *exclusively by *subsidies from the Soviet Union. (NEWSWEEK,Aug23,2004,p57)
* succumb* : to lose your ability to fight against someone or something, and allow them to control or persuade you:
◇Months later, when conflict with India *loomed, he *succumbed to U.S. pressure to stop sending *insurgents into the Indian-controlled part of Kashmir, easing the threat of war in the disputed territory.(TIME, Jan12,2004,p17)
* succumb : to become very sick or die from a disease
◇It's easy to see why so many troops are *succumbing to stress. Every trip "outside the wire" brings the possibility of attack from any direction, from people who look like everyday citizens and from everyday objects--cars, oilcans, dead animals, even human beings--refashioned into deadly bombs. (TIME,Nov29,2004)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,995738,00.html
**** surge* : to increase a lot very quickly:
◇ But with the country's population *surging, the numbers of people out of work or underemployed have been rising steadily.(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p21)
◇ A new report from Morgan Stanley says *surging household debts now account for 117 percent of income and nearly 75 percent of GNP, "levels that *dwarf even mature economies" like the United States and the United Kingdom. (NEWSWEEK, MAR8,2004,p38)
◇ A study commissioned by the Indian Cotton Mills' Federation predicts that India's textile exports could *surge from $11 billion in 2002 to $40 billion in 2010. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p37)
◇ In Los Angeles, real-estate agents say, Koreans are buying up big mansions, office buildings and even golf courses with illegal cash transfers. Those flows are reportedly the main reason five L.A. banks that *cater to Koreans saw their combined assets *surge 20 percent, to $6 billion, last year. (NEWSWEEK,Sept30,2004,p44)
◇ Such *provocation notwithstanding, the *surge of Japan-bashing may *stem more from domestic politics rather than any serious external threat. South Korea's Uri Party, which supports Roh, faces a *critical by-election at the end of this month?and with Korea's economy sputtering, fanning regional hatreds might help to bring out the nationalist vote. Roh may have had this strategy in mind last month when he suggested that Japan pay further *reparations to Koreans mistreated during the Japanese occupation of the Korean peninsula from 1910 to 1945, and that Tokyo must make a "genuine" apology.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
* surrogate : someone or something that replaces another person or thing as their representative
◇ In fact, Idei himself represented a discontinuity with Sony's past. Unlike his *predecessor, Norio Ohga, who was the *surrogate son of co-founder Akio Morita, Idei was never viewed as an *heir. Insiders referred to him as the company's first "salary-man CEO," *implying that he was merely a hire and not a family member.
(TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
**** susceptible* : likely to suffer from a particular illness or condition, or be affected by it more severely than others are:
◇ A major reason for this ban is the belief that kids of first cousins are tragically *susceptible to serious *congenital illnesses.(TIME, April22,2002,p28)
◇“After the SARS epidemic, people became more interested in how to deal with stress,”which is believed to be a factor in making people *susceptible to the disease, says vice superintendent Zou.(NEWSWEEK, Nov24,2003 p33)
◇Earlier this year, China's Minister of Water Resources announced that 300 million people drink contaminated water on a daily basis. Of these, 190 million consume water so contaminated that it is making them sick. Children are particularly *susceptible?more than 30,000 die annually from diarrhea due to unclean water. (TIME,Dec5,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501051205-1134809,00.html
◇Local environmental protection bureaus and courts are also beholden to local governments rather than to central government agencies, making them particularly *susceptible to political and economic pressure.
(TIME,Dec5,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501051205-1134809,00.html
** surreptitious : done or made secretly, so that others will not notice:
◇Miniaturization technology and cheaper electronics have enabled thousands of Taiwanese to become amateur *Big Brothers, *surreptitiously videotaping employees, friends and total strangers without regard for privacy or propriety.(TIME,April1,2002,p34)
◇It's been difficult in recent years to venture into the stairwells of many office buildings because of the reeks from cigarettes smoked surreptitiously by addicts who didn't have the time to go outdoors.(NEWSWEEK,APRIL28,2003)
(近年、階段に出て行くのは難しい/ many office buildingsにおいて/なぜならば、cigarettesのreek【悪臭】のせいで/外に出て行く時間のないaddicts（中毒者）がこっそり吸った。）
** sustainable* : using methods that do not harm the environment:
◇So it's not only producing clean, sustainable energy, it's recycling.(TIME,JUNE16,2003,p48)
(だからそれは単にクリーンで、環境を汚さないエネルギーを生産しているだけではなく、リサイクルしている。）
◇The greening of Seoul has *ramifications that go beyond the mountains that ring the city. If this concrete jungle can shift into clean, *sustainable urban development, then there's hope that other messy, environmentally challenged Asian cities like Beijing, Bombay and Jakarta can do the same. (TIME,May15,2006,p19,Saving Seoul)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060515/story.html
* swagger : to walk in a proud and confident way
◇ It might look as if history were repeating itself: just as in the 1970s, ' 80s and '90s, *defiant protesters have taken to Bangkok's streets in a *bid to oust a Thai leader they revile. Yet this time their *nemesis isn't a swaggering general who seized power in a coup, but a populist prime minister who won re-election in a landslide barely a year ago.
(NEWSWEEK,April3,p26,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12016837/site/newsweek/
* swindle : to cheat someone in order to get their money
◇ Despite promising returns, the transition has been bumpy. The farmers have suffered *bouts of malaria and typhoid fever. Their wells have collapsed and their water has run dry. *Unscrupulous contractors have *swindled them, and political opposition figures have accused them of stealing the local farmers' land.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677306/site/newsweek/
* take its toll/take a heavy toll ： to harm or damage someone or something, especially in a gradual way:
◇China's stern measures last winter to combat the SARS outbreak, which included a ban on the sale of 54 different animals , has taken its toll on the poor farmers, butchers, traders and cooks who cater to the Cantonese taste for freshly killed exotic meat. (NEWSWEEK,SEPT22,2003)
(ChinaによるSARDS発生とたたかうための 54 different animalsの販売禁止を含む昨冬のstern【厳格な】措置は痛撃した/ 殺されたばかりの新鮮で風変わりな肉に対するCantonese taste【広東人の嗜好】を満足させる poor farmers, butchers, traders and cooks を。）
* tame : to bring something under control:
◇ Most Japanese don't understand what the privatization plan is all about. Bureaucrats do, however, and they have a long history of *sabotaging efforts at *taming Japan Post.(NEWSWEEK,Oct18,2004,p37)
***tangible* : clear enough or definite enough to be easily seen or noticed [≠ intangible](Longman)
◇For much of the past three decades, the Acehnese have survived on faith and little else. Now, finally, they may have something more *tangible to hope for. On Aug. 15, representatives of the Indonesian government and the rebels of the Free Aceh Movement (known by its Indonesian acronym, G.A.M.) are scheduled to sign a peace treaty in Helsinki, the fruit of months of hard bargaining.(TIME,Aug8,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050808-1088772,00.html
◇In many ways, gold *lust is a relic of the bad old India?an India of weak investor rights and shaky financial systems, where people distrusted banks and the stock market and preferred to store their wealth in *tangible assets, chiefly gold and property.(TIME,Jan16,2006,p38)
◇In Mexico, the Zamora family home is another tangible indicator of the impact of remittances. Zamora's work in California has paid for a new three-bedroom house, the first his family has ever owned. (TIME,Feb13,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901051205-1134698-2,00.html
* tantamount* : to have the same bad qualities or effect as something else
◇ The pandas' role in the dispute is not merely symbolic. On the contrary, accepting the pandas as a gift could be *tantamount to accepting Beijing's claim that Taiwan belongs to mainland China. According to the 1975 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, Beijing can make an *outright gift of pandas to any zoo it likes within China. Foreign zoos are different: they can get the animals only on loan, in the form of a scientific exchange.(NEWSWEEK,April3,p24)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12018348/site/newsweek/
* tap* : to get a substance from a particular place or object
◇"We are building roads and developing infrastructure so that huge mineral resources in the province can be *tapped," says Rashid. He says the *insurgents oppose development, and are killing engineers and laborers working on infrastructure projects.(NEWSWEEK,Jan. 16, 2006 issue )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10756815/site/newsweek/
**** technically : according to a strict way of understanding the meaning of a rule or set of facts:
◇ And although county councils are *technically elected, the *slates are carefully prepared and "the Communist Party almost always finds a way to *assert control over them," says Ding Xueliang, a professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology who researches local governments. (TIME,May18,2002,p24)
◇ Carly was conceived a month after 9/11. She is not, *technically, a 9/11 baby, since we decided we wanted her well before that terrible day.(NEWSWEEK,November,2003,p11)
(Carlyは9/11の一ヵ月後に受胎した。technically【厳密には】9/11 babyではない。というのはわれわれはthat terrible dayよりずっと前から彼女を望んでいたからだ。）
◇ Although Ye's activities are *technically illegal, they are an *entrenched part of the economic ecology in China's capitalistic *enclaves. Zhejiang, which has since the late 1980s been at the front line of free enterprise, is home to tens of thousands of private companies.(TIME,Nov22,2004,p34)
◇On the North Korean side of the border, Chinese cell phones are *ubiquitous, though their use is *technically restricted. (NEWSWEEK,FEB14,2oo5,p26)
** teeming(2003年1級第3回) : containing or consisting of an extremely large number of people, animals, or objects that are all moving around
◇But as China *diluted its socialist purity by *embracing economic reforms, religious controls began easing as well. The skylines of Chinese towns now *teem with temples, shrines and churches. (TIME,Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
◇ If at the turn of the 20th century, Ellis Island had greeted *teeming masses speaking not 50 languages but just, say, German, America might not have enjoyed the same success at *assimilation and national unity that it has.(TIME,JUNE12,p60,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1200741,00.html
** temper : to make something less strong or extreme, especially by adding something that has the opposite effect
◇The country has made strides: it has an elected government, newly paved roads, more children in school, the appearance of a few shopping centers in Kabul. But the improvements in the lives of many Afghans are *tempered by the country's persistent insecurity, which is fueled by a *rampant drug trade and a Taliban-led *insurgency growing more brazen, sophisticated and lethal.
（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
◇Zhou now donates a chunk of his earnings to build new Tibetan Buddhist temples in western China, and has imparted the Buddha's teachings to his business partners. *Tempering a capitalist impulse with a quest for inner peace *jibes with the Chinese government's own shift from a development model based mainly on high GDP-growth rates to one in which overall quality of life is also taken into consideration. (TIME,Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
*** tenacious : a tenacious person is very determined and is not willing to stop when they are trying to achieve something
◇ In every war in which Iraq has participated over the last half century, Iraq have fought *tenaciously-even when they know they were going to lose.(NEWSWEEK, Sept8, 2003, p13)
◇ Over time that *tenacity enabled Mendocinos to crave out a descent living from the hardscrabble environment.(NEWSWEEK, Dec1, 2003, p33)
◇ For a base of its size, Camp Blessing is still *tenaciously guarded.(TIME,Mar29,2004,p39)
* thaw : an improvement in the relationship between two countries
◇What the zone needs more than anything to succeed is a genuine political *thaw between North Korea and the United States. Without that, its dreams of hot growth will cool fast.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept19,2005,p43)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9285506/site/newsweek/
* threshhold : a limit at which an arrangement changes. For example a tax threshold is the level of income or profit at which you start to pay a tax
◇
* tip : [count] a useful suggestion:
◇ By extending U.S. intelligence and trading favors with tribal leaders, the military hopes to shake out the kinds of *tips that will finally squeeze bin Laden into the open.(TIME, Mar29,2004)
* topple* : to make someone in authority lose their power:
◇The oldest were just starting school when the Shah was *toppled by Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini in 1979.(TIME,JUNE23,2003,p36)
(最年長が学校に入ったばかりだった / Shah が1979年にAyatullah Ruhollah Khomeiniに打倒されたとき。）
** tout*(2004年1級第2回) : to praise someone or something because you want other people to think they are good or important
◇ After about a century in the political wilderness, the Great Sage, who is believed to have lived from 551 to 479 B.C., is in *vogue again in China. Confucian values?unity, morality, respect for authority, the importance of hierarchical relationships?are being *touted by Beijing's communist leaders as never before.(NEWSWEEK March 20, 2006,p21)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11788162/site/newsweek/
◇With one out of 10 citizens unemployed, many of the country's best and brightest gone off to work elsewhere in Asia and the Middle East, and millions still living in poverty, the Philippines can *boast few economic bright spots. One that the government has *touted for years is *outsourcing: officially at least half of all Filipinos speak English, and low labor costs have given a boost to the so-called business-process-outsourcing (BPO) industry.(NEWSWEEK,MAY29,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12893038/site/newsweek/
* trait : a particular quality in someone's character
◇The ability to create stable alliances, avoid alienating former and future supporters and adjust strategies as circumstances require are essential *traits of a strong political leader. Ozawa has all of these skills.(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
** treacherous*(2005年1級第2回) : very dangerous, especially because the dangers are not obvious:
◇ Many Chinese leaders feel they are climbing a *treacherous political slope. As they climb on, they watch America throwing rocks at them, making their journey more dangerous.(TIME,Nov15,2004,p55)
◇The SEAL commandos, part of a supersecret task force hunting down "high value" Qaeda and Taliban *fugitives, were searching for a lost reconnaissance team in the *treacherous Kunar border region of Afghanistan.(NEWSWEEK, JULY11,2005)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8443651/site/newsweek/
* tribunal : a special law court organized to judge a particular case:
◇According to the plan, the *tribunals will first try the key 45 Baathist leaders in *custody, then move on to *rank-and-file regime loyalists accused of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity.(TIME,Dec1,2003,p54)
**tributary : a small river that flows into a larger river
◇ All along China's most polluted rivers?where factories simply dump their waste and sewage directly into the waterways and their tributaries?towns and villages record startling rates of cancer, stunted growth, diminished IQs and miscarriages. The economic costs are *staggering, too.
(TIME,Dec5,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501051205-1134809,00.html
◇Yao predicts that 60 percent of the glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau will be gone by the end of the century and that the average volume of most Asian rivers will begin to fall in 2050. The flow of several Ganges *tributaries fed by shrinking glaciers in southeastern Tibet has already declined by 40 percent, says Shen Yongping, the author of a recent WWF report on glacial melting.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE6,2005)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8018284/site/newsweek/?news_id=24
* truce* : an agreement between two people or groups involved in a war, fight, or disagreement to stop it for a period of time
** turbulent : a turbulent situation, place, or period is one in which there is a lot of uncontrolled change
◇Now mostly in their 40s, many of the movement's leaders spent *turbulent college years in the 1980s fighting against South Korea's anti-communist dictators and dreaming of a socialist utopia. Han Ki Hong, 44, is a good example. When he was a junior at Yonsei University in Seoul in 1983, he *railed against the Reagan administration and led student demonstrationsagainst the United States and also Seoul's military dictators. He served six months in jail.
(NEWSWEEK,May8,p27)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554163/site/newsweek/
◇Above all, "Picasso: Tradition and Avant-Garde" seeks to *reclaim the artist as *quintessentially Spanish. Picasso has long been regarded as a French painter who happened to be born in Spain. Though he lived in Paris and then the Midi until his death in 1973, Picasso followed Spain's *turbulent politics closely from his *exile.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE12,2006,p56,Painting Picasso)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/13122862/site/newsweek/
*** turmoil* : a state of excitement or uncontrolled activity:
◇ In comparison even with other states in the Middle East, Iraq's modern history has been marked by turmoil, coups, bloodshed and mayhem.(NEWSWEEK,Sep8,2003,p13)
◇Just before the crash, the government passed a law making mental-heath care a universal right. (Similar laws exist in Italy, France, Spain and Britain.) And since then, public-awareness campaigns have *championed the benefits of therapy for those traumatized by the economic *turmoil. (NEWSWEEK,JULY26,2004,p32)
◇ Japanese business is trying frantically to adopt an American style of management, and the result is turmoil and confusion.(TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
*ubiquitous* : present everywhere
◇On the North Korean side of the border, Chinese cell phones are *ubiquitous, though their use is *technically restricted. (NEWSWEEK,FEB14,2oo5,p26)
◇North Koreans are watching Western movies on hidden video players and tuning in to Korean-language broadcasts from the South on *illicit radios. In the border regions, mobile phones are ubiquitous, meaning that some defectors can keep in touch with their families back home.
(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
** Uncle Sam : a way of referring to the U.S. or the U.S. government
◇Is UNCLE SAM playing the role of Big Brother in Latin America?(NEWSWEEK,JULY14,,2003,p25)
（アメリカはLatin Americaで監督者の役を演じているのだろうか？）
◇ "Plus, the Iraqi government now has two sources of easy money. If the oil revenues aren't enough, there's *Uncle Sam. The United States is spending its money extremely unwisely in Iraq."
(NEWSWEEK,Feb7,2005,p13)
* undeterred : continuing to do something even though you are not successful or people do not support you
◇We're now at the dawn of an era in which an extreme and fanatical religious ideology, *undeterred by the usual calculations of *prudence and self-preservation, is *wielding state power and will soon be *wielding nuclear power.(TIME,April3,2006)
http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=21843
* underdog : a person, team, or group that seems least likely to win a game, competition, election, etc.
◇ The mayor of Athens likened the city to an *underdog in a marathon race who "bursts ahead in the final laps, surprising the world and, perhaps, even himself."(NEWSWEEK, MARCH8,2004,p21)
* underemployed : not having enough work, or not having a job in which you can use your skills
◇ But with the country's population surging, the numbers of people out of work or underemployed have been rising steadily.(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p21)
*** undermine* : to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or successful:
◇Neighboring countries patronize friendly groups, or try to *undermine rival ones.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT23,2003)
(Neighboring countriesはfriendly groupsをpatronize【後援】し、あるいは敵対集団をundermineしようとする）
◇ The larger worry is that tightened security will scare off people who want to live, work or study in the United States, thereby *undermining one of America's most important competitive advantages in the world economy: its status as the land of opportunity for talented immigrants.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept27,2004,p34)
◇ Business elites are leading the *exodus, fearful that Roh's pro-union stands will *undermine their livelihoods.(NEWSWEEK,Sept30,2004,p44)
* underscore : to emphasize something or show that it is important: UNDERLINE
◇Massive anti-Thaksin street protests underscore a growing disillusionment with democracy in Asia.(NEWSWEEK,April3,p26,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12016837/site/newsweek/
* undo : to have the effect of changing something back into its original, usually worse state
** unfettered : without limits or controls
◇After decades of relatively *unfettered immigration and cultural laissez faire when it came to accepting people of differing values and social mores, there are signs that a potentially ugly *backlash is setting in.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar6,2006)http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=131279
◇As the country tackles the negative side effects of two decades of *unfettered economic growth?most notably a growing urban-rural income divide and *burgeoning social unrest?Beijing's leaders are looking to soothe the masses by filling a spiritual vacuum left by the *demise of Marxist ideology.(Apr. 24, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
* unilateral : done or decided by one country, group, or person, often with no concern for what other countries, etc. think or want:
Such unilateral action violates international trade rules.(Macmillan)
a unilateral ceasefire(Macmillan)
◇Most Asian leaders are deeply opposed to the unilateral, pre-emptive way that Washington went to war in Iraq.(NEWSWEEK,OCT27,2003,p32)
(Most Asian leaders は深く反対している/ unilateral【一方的】で, pre-emptive【先制的】
な、アメリカがイラク戦争を始めたやり方に対して）
* unleash* : to do or cause something that has a very powerful or harmful effect:
◇Now Pyongyang's economy is so moribund that too much pressure could *unleash waves of North Korean refugees.（NEWSWEEK,AUG25,SEPT1,2003)
（いまや北朝鮮経済はmoribund【瀕死】の状態にあり、too much pressureはwaves of North Korean refugeesを解き放つことになりかねない。）
* unpalatable : unpleasant to think about or accept:
◇ To expand job-heavy industries like construction, manufacturing and retail would require pushing ahead with politically *unpalatable reforms, encouraging more foreign investment?and putting an end to *lingering socialist ideas.(NEWSWEEK,Mar15,2004,p22)
◇ The U.S. Senate last month requested a study of the possible impact of a total cutoff of Venezuelan supplies. Such a development would, at a minimum, increase U.S. reliance on oil from the Middle East, a decidedly *unpalatable option for the *foreseeable future.(NEWSWEEK,Feb14,2005,p34,
**** unprecedented* : never having happened or existed before:
◇ Where once education was the *preserve of states, school principals and parents, this president has expanded the federal role in *unprecedented ways.(TIME,Feb2,2004,p64)
◇ In June of this year Koizumi's cabinet pushed an *unprecedented law through Parliament designed to *enshrine new protections for those brave enough to speak their minds.(NEWSWEEK,Nov8,2004,p22)
◇Though Communist Party leaders insist China is a socialist haven, the *unprecedented economic boom over the past two decades has made some Chinese wealthy and left many more behind.(NEWSWEEK,2004 Aug2,p32)
◇Though the Japanese venture may not reveal the prehistoric monsters or hidden oceans that Lidenbrock's journey did, it is hoping to reach *unprecedented depths.
(NEWSWEEK,Sept12,2005,p57)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9191047/site/newsweek
◇Like the Shankers, millions of Indians are now turning to television as a source for inner peace. Free-market reform may be bringing new prosperity, but it is also creating *unprecedented levels of anxiety and stress. (NEWSWEEK,Jan23,p52)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10854375/site/newsweek/
* unrelenting : used about bad or extreme things that continue to happen or exist without ever becoming easier to deal with
◇ Electroconvulsive therapy, despite iys troubling side effects, is still one of the most effective treatments available for severe, *unrelenting depression.(TIME,Mar21,2006,p37)
** unscrupulous : willing to do things that are unfair, dishonest, or illegal
◇ Despite promising returns, the transition has been bumpy. The farmers have suffered *bouts of malaria and typhoid fever. Their wells have collapsed and their water has run dry. *Unscrupulous contractors have *swindled them, and political opposition figures have accused them of stealing the local farmers' land.
(NEWSWEEK,March 13, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11677306/site/newsweek/
◇The law also gave leaseholders the right to initiate legal action to protect their leases. But the villages, and the CCP officials who run them, still retain ultimate authority over rural leaseholds, and land grabs by *unscrupulous developers are a menace.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
*** untapped : not being used yet, but existing in large amounts that could bring profits or benefits:
◇ R Family Vacations, a new company that *caters to the *untapped gay-parent travel *niche, is offering seven-day luxury cruise from New York City to Florida and the Bahamas in July.(TIME,April5,2004,p54)
◇Still, Langes-Swarovski is confident that the country represents the wine industry's biggest *untapped market, and that Chinese palates will mature along with his wines.(NEWSWEEK,LULY26,2004)
◇Last August Pemex officials announced a 54 billion-barrel *untapped reserve in the Gulf of Mexico, only to recant a week later with the news that they had no real proof of its existence.
(Nov. 8,2004,NEWSWEEK)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6370139/site/newsweek/
** upheaval*(2005年1級第2回) : a sudden or violent change, especially one that affects people's lives:
◇ China's leaders are trying to bridge the gap, or at least keep it from causing massive social *upheaval. They've tried to cut taxes on farmers, encourage innovation in agriculture and retrain laid-off rural workers.(NEWSWEEK,2004 Aug2,p32)
◇John Paul II made no secret of his intense interest in the political *upheavals and religious controversies in his native Poland.(NEWSWEEK,2005 Oct12,p52)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9555154/site/newsweek/
*usher : to lead someone politely somewhere, for example into a room or toward a seat
◇ History will remember Mikhail Gorbachev as the leader who brought openness (glasnost) and economic restructuring (perestroika) to the Soviet Union, *ushering it toward the end of communism. (TIME, Apr. 10, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1179340,00.html
* valid : reasonable and generally accepted
◇ Whether or not Karzai's complaints are *valid, his constant criticism of Musharraf is a risky move. A prolonged *feud could hurt Pakistan, jeopardizing its large aid package from America.
(NEWSWEEK,Mar20,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786789/site/newsweek/
* vandalize : to deliberately damage or destroy things, especially public property
◇ In China, opposition to Japan's U.N. bid started out as an Internet petition drive that gathered 25 million signatures and culminated in mobs *vandalizing Japanese department stores in Chengdu and Shenzhen.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
* vanquish : to defeat someone or something completely
◇Technology alone will not vanquish the bioinvaders.(NEWSWEEK,Aug23,2004,p49)
* vehement : involving extremely strong feelings or beliefs
◇There is a transcendent bit of karma here. The people in the Republican Party who are most *vehemently opposed to accommodating illegal immigrants tend to be the very same sort of people who left the Democratic Party over civil rights and social issues. They are white, Southern and Western, suburban and rural, working class.
(TIME,May29,p19,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/columnist/klein/article/0,9565,1196380,00.html
* venerate : to respect or worship someone or something
◇The *veneration that Asians hold for rivers was on Chu Duo's mind as he fiddled with his instruments?a bevy of thermometers, barometers, solar-radiation meters, rainfall gauges?in a small, flat field near Lhasa's Jokhang Temple, Tibet's holiest Buddhist monastery.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE6,2005)http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8018284/site/newsweek/?news_id=24
* vengeance : a violent or harmful action that someone does to punish someone for harming them or their family [= revenge]:
* venue* : the place where an activity or event happens:
◇And last week's oath-taking by Nazim Hussain Siddiqi, the new Chief Justice of Pakistan's Supreme Court, was held at Musharraf's Rawalpindi residence rather than the grand presidential palace in Islamabad, the customary *venue. (TIME, Jan12,2004,p18)
* on the verge of : about to do something or experience something
◇On the *verge of bankruptcy, Nissan was one of the first to hand over the keys to a foreigner. Carlos Ghosn arrived in Tokyo in April 1999, with a *mandate from Renault to repair the damage by whatever means necessary.(TIME,Mar. 14, 2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050321-1037692,00.html
** verify ： to check or prove that something is true or correct:
There was no way to verify his claims.( Macmillan )
◇Gerner's research comparing more than 1,000 students in Egypt, Thailand and the U.S. verified what every knew anecdotally.(TIME,OCT3,2003)
(Garnerの研究は、more than 1,000 students in Egypt, Thailand and the U.S.を比較するもので、誰もが逸話的に知っていたことをverify【立証】した。
◇Because China doesn't publish this research in the open literature, it's difficult to verify the findings.(NEWSWEEK,OCT27,2003,p31)
(Chinaはthis researchを公開文書で発表しないので、発見をverify【検証】するのは難しい。）
* verication :
◇Video and *verification technologies have developed in such a way that it is possible to quickly settle a call one way or the other. If the gizmos that are available had been around years ago, the history of the Cup would surely be very different.(TIME,JUNE26,2006)
* versatile : able to be used in many different ways
** vested interests : [plural] people or organizations that have a vested interest in something
◇"These next steps are so difficult for us because economic openness threatens so many *vested interests and state monopolies," says a Vietnamese analyst in Ho Chi Minh City.
(NEWSWEEK, May2,2005,p33)
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/7615251/site/newsweek/
◇More and more Chinese are reacting violently to practices such as illegal *eviction, inadequate compensation and rural land *confiscation at the hands of powerful *vested interests.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 issue)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
** viable : able to be done, or worth doing:
◇ But now, a year after winning its freedom, this tiny nation faces a slew of daunting challenges, from constructing a viable economy to repairing lives ravaged by more than 20 years of violence and misery.(TIME,JUNE2,2003,p20)
(しかしいま、freedomを獲得して一年、this tiny nationはたくさんのdaunting【気の遠くなるような】難問に直面している/ viable【持ちこたえられる】経済を建設することから、２０年以上に及ぶ暴力と貧困に破壊された生活を再建することまで。）
◇ We have to make proactive efforts to have better relations with China and Korea. Otherwise Japan will not be a *viable player in Northeast Asia.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
◇But to make the party *viable, Ozawa has more serious work to do than maintain unity and continuity. He must now transform the DPJ from an organization with a very large and fractured *platform into a focused campaign-victory *juggernaut.(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
** vibrant* : lively and exciting:
◇ During the communist era, Mongolia had a *vibrant film industry, supported almost *exclusively by *subsidies from the Soviet Union. (NEWSWEEK,Aug23,2004,p57)
◇China welcomes the trade with the North as a way of promoting economic growth in its three northeastern provinces, which have long *lagged behind more *vibrant southern China.(NEWSWEEK,MAY9,2005,p23) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7693649/site/newsweek/
* vigorous : full of energy, enthusiasm, or determination:
◇ The high *stakes have prompted companies to fight the lawsuits *vigorously - and not just in court.(TIME,DEC8,2003,p23)
(賭かっているものの大きさは、companiesがlawsuitsをvigorously【精力的に】闘うことを促した / しかも法廷だけではなく。）
* vilify
** vogue : something that is popular or fashionable
◇ After about a century in the political wilderness, the Great Sage, who is believed to have lived from 551 to 479 B.C., is in *vogue again in China. Confucian values?unity, morality, respect for authority, the importance of hierarchical relationships?are being touted by Beijing's communist leaders as never before.(NEWSWEEK March 20, 2006,p21)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11788162/site/newsweek/
◇In 1993, he wrote Blueprint for a New Japan, a book *espousing the "normal nation" theory?now very much in *vogue?*asserting that Japan needs to develop the political, military and diplomatic power commensurate with its economic might in order to become a global leader.
(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
**** volatile* : a volatile situation can suddenly change or become more dangerous:
◇ In the last year alone, two of Israel's most *volatile foes?Iraq and Libya?have been defanged.(NEWSWEEK, Jan12,2004,p25)
◇Last year, with a million troops mobilized along a *volatile border and the prospect of a war going nuclear, the talk-heavy, accomplishment-light seven-nation South Asian Area Regional Conference (SAARC) was even less useful than ever.(TIME,Jan19,2004,p17)
◇ If history repeats itself, millions of people could be thrown out of work in some of the world's poorest and most politically volatile countries. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p37)
◇Later that day, at a triage center in nearby Gereshk, Mahmad pulls up a sleeve to show where a bullet grazed his arm. In four years' policing one of the country's most *volatile regions, he says, "I have never seen fighting like this."
（TIME,Mar13,p26,2006)http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1169897,00.html
* voracious : a voracious person or animal eats a large amount of food
◇ But it wasn't just the aroma of coriander and cumin that drove the *voracious crowds, says Zohar; (NEWSWEEK,JULY5,2004,p47)
* vulnerable (1) : someone who is vulnerable is weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally:
◇He will always be vulnerable to abuse and exploitation by those who wield that one vital skill he doesn't have.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT30,2002,p59)
(いつも彼はabuse【虐待】とexploitation【搾取】に対して弱い立場にあるだろう/ 彼が持ち合わせていないひとつのvital skill【死活的な技能】をwield【行使】する者からの）
* vulnerable (2): a thing, person, or place that is vulnerable is easy to attack:
◇Suddenly, they reasoned, the LDP seemed *vulnerable to an opposition party with real *clout.(TIME,NOV10,2003,p29)
(突然、彼らは推論した/ LDPはもろいように見える/ 真の影響力を持った野党には。）
** vulnerable* (3): easily damaged by something negative or harmful:
◇But it won't come up on that trip, because it is not like the Bush administration to think in terms of American vulnerabilities.(NEWSWEEK,OCT27,2003,p33)
（だがそれはその旅行で持ち上がることはないであろう。なぜならばBush administrationらくないからだ/ アメリカの弱さの観点から考えるのは。）
◇ Indo-Pak relations are always vulnerable to somersaults of hope and reality, but there are two reasons for optimism. (TIME,Jan19,2004,p17)
***** in the wake of : happening after an event or as a result of it:
◇That structure has now effectively collapsed because so many of JI's leaders have been arrested in the wake of the Bali bombing.(TIME,SEPT1,2003,p47)
(その組織は事実上崩壊している/ なぜならばso many of JI's leadersが逮捕されたからだ/Bali bombingのあとで）
◇In the wake of 9/11, America has produced security technologies?from data mining at airports to biometrics for U.S. visitors?that are being exported and adopted across the globe.(NEWSWEEK,Mar8,2004,p45)
◇ In the wake of the East Asian crisis of 1997, all the East Asian tiger economies collapsed. But China and India grew solidly even when demand from the West dried up. (NEWSWEEK,Oct25,2004,p13)
◇Many analysts say that neoliberal market reforms adopted in the late 1990s, in the wake of the country's 1997 financial crisis, have widened the gap between economic "haves" and "have-nots." (NEWSWEEK,Jan. 23, 2006 issue )http://207.46.150.50/id/10854742/site/newsweek/
◇In the *wake of SARS, China's leaders have become increasingly *adept at operating in the harsh spotlight of the international community.
(TIME,Dec5,2005)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501051205-1134809,00.html
* wane : if a feeling or power wanes, it becomes weaker or less important:
◇Today U.S. interest in building global institutions has clearly *waned.(NEWSWEEK,OCT27,2003,p33)
(今日、global institutionsを建設するという米国の関心は明らかに衰退している。）
** ward off : to do something to prevent someone or something from harming you:
◇ One thing that helped *ward off allergies and asthma : having more than two pets(cats or dogs) around in the child's first year.(TIME,OCT27,2003,p52)
(allergies and asthma【アレルギーと喘息】を遠ざけるのに役立ったone thingは、having more than two pets（犬でも猫でも）aroundである/ in the child's first yearに。）
◇Gut flora help the *immune system *ward off more-dangerous bugs; they break down nutrients; they may even manipulate how the body stores fat. If doctors could control the flora, they might be able to *stave off disease with a completely new toolbox.(NEWSWEEK,Jan23,2006,p43)
◇Mehdi Savalli *eschews the rituals that bullfighters typically use to *ward off gorings and other misfortunes. He doesn't pray to the Virgen de la Estrella; he doesn't stand in front of a homemade shrine of religious prints when he slips on his traje de luces, the ornate, sequined costume worn by matadors; he doesn't cross himself before he steps into the ring. But these *breaches of bullfighting tradition have not kept him from becoming one of Spain's most promising young toreros.(Mar. 19, 2006)
http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901060327-1174657,00.html
** wayward* : a wayward child or someone with wayward behavior is difficult to control and does unexpected things
◇ Then last June she heard about an experimental treatment being tested at the New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University. It involved aiming a powerful magnet at a spot on the brain to reset the *wayward neural circuits that keep Martha, and millions like her, stuck in the downward spiral of depression.(TIME,Mar21,2005,36)
◇Paradoxically, Moscow's attempts to punish its *wayward neighbor may push Georgia further into the arms of the West. "Life has forced us to choose a course towards *integration into international organizations such as NATO and the European Union," says Noghaideli.
(NEWSWEEK,May8,p25)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12554101/site/newsweek/page/2/
* well-endowed : having a lot of something people admire or want, for example money, beauty, or intelligence:
◇ While the most *well-endowed labs in the United States, Britain, France and elsewhere are *hamstrung by a political *backlash against cloning research, South Korea has quietly filled the vacuum.(NEWSWEEK,Mar1,2004,p44)
* whitewash : to try to stop people from discovering the true facts about something, in order to prevent someone in authority from being criticized
◇ It hasn't helped matters that Japan's Education Ministry?headed by one of Koizumi's more conservative appointees?last week approved a textbook that critics say *whitewashes the country's imperialist past.(TIME,April18,2005,p29)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501050418-1047547,00.html
* whistle-blower : someone who reports dishonest or illegal activities within an organization to someone in authority
◇ Beijing has effectively silenced SARS *whistle-blower Jiang Yanyong using an old tool, house arrest.(NEWSWEEK, Oct18,2004,p39)
**** wield* ：to have and be able to use power or influence:
◇For decades some conservatives, including many who now *wield great influence, have had a tendency to vastly exaggerate the threat posed by tyrannical regimes.(NEWSWEEK,JUNE16,2003)
(数十年にわたって、現在大きなinfluenceを持つ保守派の中には、the threat posed by tyrannical regimesをひどく大げさに語る傾向のある者があった。）
◇He will always be *vulnerable to abuse and *exploitation by those who *wield that one vital skill he doesn't have.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT30,2002,p59)
(いつも彼はabuse【虐待】とexploitation【搾取】に対して弱い立場にあるだろう/ 彼が持ち合わせていないひとつのvital skill【死活的な技能】をwield【行使】する者からの）
◇We're now at the dawn of an era in which an extreme and fanatical religious ideology, *undeterred by the usual calculations of *prudence and self-preservation, is *wielding state power and will soon be *wielding nuclear power.(TIME,April3,2006)
http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=21843
◇Politicians are not very popular anywhere these days. But in South Korea, they are truly *loathed. Two weeks ago opposition Grand National Party (GNP) leader Park Geun Hye, daughter of the former dictator Park Chung Hee, was attacked by a 50-year-old man *wielding a box cutter while she was making a campaign appearance in Seoul on behalf of another candidate.
(NEWSWEEK,JUNE5,2006)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/13007804/site/newsweek/
** wipe out : to destroy or get rid of something completely:
◇Sadly, though, the spread of chain stores has begun to wipe out those beloved mom-and-pop establishments,just as they have in the United States.(NEWSWEEK,SEPT8,2003)
(悲しいことに、しかしながら、the spread of chain storesはこういった愛すべき家族経営の店を一掃し始めた。United Statesにおいてそうであったように。）
◇Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra has pledged to *wipe out bird flu in the country by the end of October, and last week *enlisted more than 900,000 volunteers to *cull sick chickens and do spot checks on potential new outbreaks.
(TIME,Oct11,2004,p25)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041011-709153,00.html
** woes : [plural] FORMAL problems and worries
◇ After years of instability, with the government and military trying to distract people from their economic *woes by waging jihad in Kashmir and *railing against neighboring India, a true middle class is now developing.
(NEWSWEEK,March 27)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11902379/site/newsweek/
◇Ironically, Suharto's latest health *woes?and the chance that he might die before being held accountable?have given new life to the debate over prosecuting him. Earlier this month, Attorney General Abdul Rahman Saleh announced that he was considering reopening the *dormant corruption case against Suharto. (NEWSWEEK,May29,2006,p29)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12892028/site/newsweek/page/2/
* have yet to do : used for saying that something has not happened or been done up to the present time, especially when you think it should have happened or been done:
◇The authorities say they have yet to find any lines between, SIMI ,the Hanifs and Ansari.
(当局は言う、彼らはまだ、SIMIとthe HanifsそれからAnsariとの間のつながりを見出
していない）
◇The Arab media run cartoons depicting Jews and the symbols of the Jewish faith with imagery indistinguishable from that used in the Third Reich. But I have yet to see Jews or Israelis threaten the lives of Muslims because of it.
(TIME,Feb. 13, 2006)http://205.188.238.109/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1156609,00.html
* xenophobia : a strong fear and dislike of people from other countries and cultures
◇If Burma's military *junta had an *incrementally gentler side, it was personified by General Khin Nyunt. No one would call him a liberal in the Western sense?he headed the dictatorship's military intelligence service?but diplomats from the outside world considered him more *pragmatic and less *xenophobic than the country's *paramount leader, General Than Shwe. (TIME,Nov1,2004,p39)
* zero in on(2005年1級第2回) : to start to give all your attention to a particular person or thing
◇The U.S. Army spends $2.5 million a year on its recruiting advergame, America's Army. At least 3.7 million people have logged on to track down terrorists or rescue POWs in realistic simulations, and the Army says the game helped it reach recruitment targets last year, despite the difficult political climate. "People can *zero in on specific interests, like parachuting or being a medic," says Col. Casey Wardynski, project director of America's Army.
(NEWSWEEK,Nov29,2004,p52)http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6542897/site/newsweek/
意外な意味のある単語
* budget : very inexpensive
* conservative : a conservative guess is usually less than the actual amount
◇By allowing?and even *condoning?such *overt expressions of spirituality, China's leaders are finally catching up with the country's religious revolution. Even by the government's own *conservative estimate, China now has more than 200 million worshippers of all faiths, double the number just nine years ago.(TIME,May1,2006)
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060501-1186613,00.html
* drive : a big effort to achieve something, especially by a company or government
◇Many experts expect China's drive to expand outside its borders to continue. American business leaders hope that China will compete fairly in the future.(TIMEFORKIDS)
http://www.timeforkids.com/TFK/magazines/story/0,6277,1186745,00.html
* leg : a part of a trip
* minutes [plural] an official written record of what is discussed or decided at a formal meeting
◇The *minutes of the March 4 meeting?ostensibly convened by Communist Party policy advisers to discuss economic reforms and rural poverty?were supposed to be secret. But last month they leaked out on the Web, and ideological sparks have been flying ever since. What started out as a discussion by officials, economists and legal experts about deadlocked legislation on property rights has morphed into a fierce debate about the future of reform in China.
(NEWSWEEK,May 15-22, 2006 )http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12667617/site/newsweek/
* platform : the policies and goals of a political party, especially the ones they state in order to get people to vote for them
◇But to make the party *viable, Ozawa has more serious work to do than maintain unity and continuity. He must now transform the DPJ from an organization with a very large and fractured *platform into a focused campaign-victory *juggernaut.(TIME,April24,2006)http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501060424-1184117,00.html
* spoils : the benefits that someone gets when they win something, for example a war
◇In the new economies, the real *spoils will go to the creatives?the quick-witted entrepreneurs and innovators, not the *compliant milksops with ambitions restricted to the traditional professions. http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story3.html
*taxing : difficult and needing a lot of physical or mental effort: DEMANDING
◇ But the difference between Liu's course and others is this: when the demands of subjects like economics or communications get too *taxing, her students might just respond by having a good cry and asking for their mommies. How so? They're children.
http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501060327/story.html
* weather : to manage a difficult experience without being seriously harmed
